Former graduate student shoots 11 during an exam review session; two students killed

To check this alert, Claude (an AI) read it in full 25 separate times, independently. Each read decided whether the message answers each of the six questions and gave a short reason. A final reviewer then weighed all 25 and wrote the plain-English verdict you see when you open a row. The score (for example 22/25) is how many reads agreed; the 25 individual reads are tucked underneath if you want to check them.

• Sourceabsent0/25

  Final assessment

  All 25 reads agree the source is absent; no sender, agency, or branded signature identifies who issued the message.

  Who is sending the alert and who is responding. People act faster on a message from a clearly identifiable, credible sender, such as a named department, the police, or a branded alert system, than on an anonymous notice. A branded signature counts.

  See all 25 individual reads

  1. absent: No sender, branded tag, or named agency appears in the message.
  2. absent: No sender, agency, or branded signature identifies who issued the message.
  3. absent: No university, agency, or branded sender is named in the text.
  4. absent: No sender, agency name, or branded signature appears in the text given.
  5. absent: No sender signature, university name, or named agency appears in the text.
  6. absent: No sender tag, agency, or university name appears in the text.
  7. absent: No branded signature, university name, or named agency identifies the sender.
  8. absent: No branded signature, university name, or named agency appears in the text.
  9. absent: No branded signature, university name, or issuing agency is stated in the text.
  10. absent: No branded sender or named issuing authority appears in the text.
  11. absent: No sender or authority is identified, no branded tag appears.
  12. absent: No branded tag or named issuing authority appears.
  13. absent: No sender, branded signature, or responding authority is named in the text.
  14. absent: No sender tag, university name, or agency identifies who issued this alert.
  15. absent: No sender signature, agency, or institution is named in the text.
  16. absent: No agency, university name, or branded sender tag appears in the text.
  17. absent: No sender tag or named issuing authority appears in the text.
  18. absent: No sender, institution, or agency is named anywhere in the text.
  19. absent: No sender, agency, or branded signature is identified in the text.
  20. absent: No sender, branded signature, or named authority appears in the text.
  21. absent: No sender, branded signature, or issuing authority is identified in the text.
  22. absent: Names no sender, agency, or branded signature in the text.
  23. absent: No sender, branded signature, or agency is identified in the text.
  24. absent: No sender signature, institution name, or agency is identified in the text.
  25. absent: No sender, branded signature, or authority is named in the text.
• Hazardpresent25/25

  Final assessment

  Unanimous that the hazard is present; the alert names an active shooter near Barus & Holley Engineering, a specific threat.

  What the threat actually is. A complete warning names the specific danger, such as a shooter, a fire, a tornado, or a gas leak, rather than a vague emergency, because people decide what to do based on what they are facing.

  See all 25 individual reads

  1. present: States the hazard specifically: "an active shooter near Barus & Holley Engineering."
  2. present: Names the hazard, "an active shooter".
  3. present: Names "an active shooter", a specific threat.
  4. present: Names a specific threat, "an active shooter near Barus & Holley Engineering".
  5. present: Names a specific threat: "an active shooter near Barus & Holley Engineering."
  6. present: It names "an active shooter near Barus & Holley Engineering", a specific threat.
  7. present: Names "an active shooter", a specific threat.
  8. present: It names an "active shooter", a specific threat.
  9. present: Names a specific threat: "an active shooter near Barus & Holley Engineering".
  10. present: Names "an active shooter", a specific threat.
  11. present: Names a specific threat, "an active shooter".
  12. present: Names "an active shooter", a specific threat.
  13. present: Names "an active shooter", a specific threat.
  14. present: It names a specific threat, "an active shooter near Barus & Holley Engineering."
  15. present: Names "an active shooter near Barus & Holley Engineering", a specific threat.
  16. present: Names a specific threat, "an active shooter near Barus & Holley Engineering".
  17. present: Names "an active shooter", a specific threat.
  18. present: Names "an active shooter", a specific threat.
  19. present: Names "an active shooter", a specific threat.
  20. present: Names a specific threat, "an active shooter near Barus & Holley Engineering".
  21. present: It names "an active shooter", a specific threat.
  22. present: Names "an active shooter", a specific threat.
  23. present: Names a specific threat: "an active shooter near Barus & Holley Engineering".
  24. present: Names "an active shooter", a specific threat.
  25. present: Names a specific threat, "an active shooter".
• Locationpresent25/25

  Final assessment

  All reads agree a specific location is given, near Barus & Holley Engineering.

  Where the threat is. Saying whether danger is in a specific building, a part of campus, or area-wide lets people judge their own proximity and choose a safe direction. Without a where, a warning is hard to act on precisely.

  See all 25 individual reads

  1. present: Gives location "near Barus & Holley Engineering."
  2. present: Locates it "near Barus & Holley Engineering".
  3. present: Locates it "near Barus & Holley Engineering", a specific building.
  4. present: Gives the location, "near Barus & Holley Engineering".
  5. present: States it is "near Barus & Holley Engineering."
  6. present: It locates it "near Barus & Holley Engineering", a specific building.
  7. present: Locates it "near Barus & Holley Engineering", a specific building.
  8. present: It locates it "near Barus & Holley Engineering", a specific place.
  9. present: Locates it "near Barus & Holley Engineering", a specific building.
  10. present: Specifies "near Barus & Holley Engineering".
  11. present: Specifies "near Barus & Holley Engineering".
  12. present: Locates it "near Barus & Holley Engineering".
  13. present: Says it is "near Barus & Holley Engineering", a specific building.
  14. present: It locates it "near Barus & Holley Engineering."
  15. present: Locates it "near Barus & Holley Engineering", a specific place.
  16. present: Specifies "Barus & Holley Engineering".
  17. present: Specifies "near Barus & Holley Engineering".
  18. present: Specifies "near Barus & Holley Engineering", a location.
  19. present: Says "near Barus & Holley Engineering", a named building.
  20. present: States the location, "near Barus & Holley Engineering".
  21. present: It locates it "near Barus & Holley Engineering", a specific building.
  22. present: Says it is "near Barus & Holley Engineering", a specific building.
  23. present: Specifies "Barus & Holley Engineering".
  24. present: Says "near Barus & Holley Engineering", a specific building.
  25. present: Locates it "near Barus & Holley Engineering".
• Guidancepresent25/25

  Final assessment

  Unanimous that guidance is present; recipients are told to lock doors, silence phones, and stay hidden, protective actions.

  The protective action to take. A clear, specific instruction, such as shelter in place, evacuate, avoid the area, or run-hide-fight, drives faster and more correct protective behavior than describing the threat alone.

  See all 25 individual reads

  1. present: Instructs recipients: "Lock doors, silence phones and stay hidden."
  2. present: Instructs recipients to "Lock doors, silence phones and stay hidden".
  3. present: Instructs "Lock doors, silence phones and stay hidden", protective actions.
  4. present: Instructs recipients to "Lock doors, silence phones and stay hidden", protective actions.
  5. present: Instructs recipients: "Lock doors, silence phones and stay hidden."
  6. present: It instructs recipients to "Lock doors, silence phones and stay hidden", protective actions.
  7. present: Instructs recipients to "Lock doors, silence phones and stay hidden".
  8. present: It instructs "Lock doors, silence phones and stay hidden", protective actions.
  9. present: Instructs recipients to "Lock doors, silence phones and stay hidden".
  10. present: Instructs recipients to "Lock doors, silence phones and stay hidden".
  11. present: Instructs recipients to "Lock doors, silence phones and stay hidden until further notice."
  12. present: Instructs "Lock doors, silence phones and stay hidden".
  13. present: Instructs "Lock doors, silence phones and stay hidden", protective actions.
  14. present: It instructs recipients to "Lock doors, silence phones and stay hidden until further notice."
  15. present: Instructs, "Lock doors, silence phones and stay hidden until further notice", protective actions.
  16. present: Instructs to "Lock doors, silence phones and stay hidden".
  17. present: Instructs recipients to "Lock doors, silence phones and stay hidden".
  18. present: Directs recipients to "Lock doors, silence phones and stay hidden", protective actions.
  19. present: Instructs, "Lock doors, silence phones and stay hidden until further notice".
  20. present: Instructs recipients to "Lock doors, silence phones and stay hidden", protective actions.
  21. present: It instructs "Lock doors, silence phones and stay hidden", protective actions.
  22. present: Instructs recipients to "Lock doors, silence phones and stay hidden until further notice."
  23. present: Instructs recipients: "Lock doors, silence phones and stay hidden until further notice."
  24. present: Instructs "Lock doors, silence phones and stay hidden", protective actions.
  25. present: Instructs recipients to "Lock doors, silence phones and stay hidden".
• Timepresent17/25

  Final assessment

  A majority finds time present via the recency cue until further notice; a minority counted only active, which belongs to the hazard, and saw no time.

  When the message applies. A timestamp, the word now or immediately, or a phrase like until further notice tells the reader whether the danger is current and how quickly to act.

  See all 25 individual reads

  1. present: Conveys recency with "until further notice."
  2. present: Uses recency cue "until further notice".
  3. present: Says to stay hidden "until further notice", a recency cue.
  4. present: Says "until further notice", a recency cue.
  5. absent: No clock time, date, or recency cue; "active" is part of the hazard, not a time.
  6. present: The phrase "until further notice" conveys a time reference.
  7. absent: No clock time, date, or recency cue appears; "active" is part of the hazard.
  8. present: It says "until further notice", a recency cue.
  9. absent: "Active shooter" is the hazard; no clock, date, or recency cue appears.
  10. present: Says "until further notice", a recency cue.
  11. present: Conveys recency with "until further notice".
  12. present: Says to stay hidden "until further notice", a recency cue.
  13. absent: No clock time, date, or recency cue appears in the text.
  14. absent: No clock time, date, or recency cue appears; "active" is part of the hazard.
  15. present: Uses "until further notice", a recency cue.
  16. present: Says "until further notice", a duration/recency cue.
  17. absent: No clock time, date, or recency cue appears.
  18. present: Says "until further notice", a recency cue.
  19. present: Says "until further notice", a status/recency cue.
  20. absent: No clock time, date, or recency cue is given, "active shooter" is part of the hazard not a time cue.
  21. present: The phrase "until further notice" conveys ongoing recency.
  22. present: Says to stay hidden "until further notice", a recency cue.
  23. present: The phrase "until further notice" conveys a time reference.
  24. present: Says "until further notice", a recency cue.
  25. absent: No clock time, date, or recency cue appears; "active" is part of the threat.
• Impactpresent15/25

  Final assessment

  Present by a 15 to 10 majority; most reads find the active shooter with stay-hidden-until-further-notice instructions implies lethal danger to people, while the dissent says no explicit harm is stated beyond naming the hazard.

  What the hazard could do to the people in its path. Beyond naming the threat, a complete warning conveys its potential consequences or severity, such as that a tornado can level buildings or that a leak could be explosive, so recipients grasp how much danger they are in. Research on warning message content finds that a concrete impact statement helps people personalize their risk and act sooner.

  See all 25 individual reads

  1. present: Reports an active shooter and directs people to lock doors and stay hidden, implying danger to people.
  2. absent: Reports an active shooter and to lock doors but states no actual harm or danger.
  3. present: It reports an active shooter near a building and tells people to lock doors and stay hidden, conveying danger.
  4. present: It reports an active shooter near a building and tells people to lock doors and stay hidden, implying danger.
  5. absent: Reports an active shooter and to lock doors and hide but states no specific harm or consequence.
  6. absent: It reports an active shooter and shelter guidance but states no injury or explicit danger.
  7. absent: Reports an active shooter and says lock doors but states no explicit harm or severity.
  8. present: Reports an active shooter near a building with instruction to stay hidden, strongly implying lethal danger.
  9. present: Reports an active shooter and tells people to lock doors and stay hidden, implying danger to people.
  10. absent: Reports an active shooter and says lock doors and stay hidden but states no explicit harm or danger.
  11. absent: Reports an active shooter and tells people to hide but states no harm or consequence.
  12. present: Reports an active shooter near a building with instructions to lock doors and hide, implying danger.
  13. present: Reports an active shooter near a building and instructs locking doors and hiding implying danger.
  14. absent: Reports an active shooter and to lock doors and stay hidden but states no explicit harm or severity.
  15. absent: An active shooter is reported with sheltering guidance but no harm or injury is stated.
  16. present: Reports an active shooter and directs hiding until further notice, implying lethal danger to people.
  17. present: Reports an active shooter and directs people to lock doors and stay hidden, implying danger to people.
  18. absent: Names an active shooter and tells people to lock doors but does not state harm beyond naming it.
  19. absent: It reports an active shooter and tells people to lock doors and stay hidden but states no injury or explicit danger beyond the hazard name.
  20. present: Reports an active shooter and tells people to lock doors and stay hidden, conveying lethal danger to people.
  21. present: Reports an active shooter and instructs locking doors and staying hidden, conveying danger to people.
  22. present: It reports an active shooter near a building and tells people to lock doors and stay hidden, conveying clear danger.
  23. present: Reports an active shooter near a building and orders hiding, implying lethal danger to people.
  24. present: Reports an active shooter near a building, conveying lethal danger.
  25. present: It reports an active shooter and tells people to lock doors and stay hidden, implying threat of harm.