A student's boyfriend threatens by text to harm her and her classmates

To check this alert, Claude (an AI) read it in full 25 separate times, independently. Each read decided whether the message answers each of the six questions and gave a short reason. A final reviewer then weighed all 25 and wrote the plain-English verdict you see when you open a row. The score (for example 22/25) is how many reads agreed; the 25 individual reads are tucked underneath if you want to check them.

• Sourceabsent7/25

  Final assessment

  Clear majority (18 of 24): the message uses only the unattributed pronoun 'we' with no named department, agency, or branded alert system identifying who issued it; a minority inferred Cleveland State as the implicit sender.

  Who is sending the alert and who is responding. People act faster on a message from a clearly identifiable, credible sender, such as a named department, the police, or a branded alert system, than on an anonymous notice. A branded signature counts.

  See all 25 individual reads

  1. present: Names 'Cleveland State' issuing the message about locking down campus.
  2. absent: No sender, agency, or branded signature named.
  3. absent: No sender or agency named, unclear who issued the text
  4. present: Refers to itself institutionally, "we have locked down the campus".
  5. absent: No sender identified; 'we' is used but no named authority or branded signature.
  6. absent: No specific issuing authority named, only 'we have locked down the campus'.
  7. absent: No sender or agency name identifies who issued this message.
  8. absent: No sender or agency identified beyond generic 'we', no branded alert tag
  9. absent: no named alert system or authority issuing this message
  10. absent: No sender or agency identified, only 'we' with no named authority.
  11. present: References 'we' as Cleveland State administration/campus safety issuing the notice.
  12. absent: Uses 'we' without naming the university, police, or a branded alert system.
  13. absent: 'We' is used but no named institution, agency, or branded alert system in the text.
  14. present: The message is from Cleveland State, referring to itself as 'we' locking down campus.
  15. absent: No named sender, agency, or branded alert signature.
  16. absent: No sender name, agency, or branded signature identified.
  17. absent: No sender or agency identified; just describes the situation.
  18. absent: No named department, agency, or branded alert tag identifies the sender (only 'we').
  19. absent: No sender or authority explicitly named issuing the message.
  20. absent: No named sender, authority, or branded system is identified, only "we".
  21. present: 'we have locked down the campus' implies institutional issuer, Cleveland State named.
  22. present: Implicit institutional "we" from Cleveland State.
  23. absent: 'we' implied university but no named sender, agency, or branded alert tag.
  24. absent: No specific sender or agency named, only 'we.'
  25. present: Identifies itself as a Cleveland State communication about campus lockdown.
• Hazardpresent25/25

  Final assessment

  Unanimous: 'a credible threat of domestic violence' triggering 'active shooter protocol' names the specific hazard.

  What the threat actually is. A complete warning names the specific danger, such as a shooter, a fire, a tornado, or a gas leak, rather than a vague emergency, because people decide what to do based on what they are facing.

  See all 25 individual reads

  1. present: Names 'credible threat of domestic violence'.
  2. present: States a 'credible threat of domestic violence' and 'active shooter protocol'.
  3. present: 'credible threat of domestic violence' and 'active shooter protocol'
  4. present: States "credible threat of domestic violence".
  5. present: 'credible threat of domestic violence' and 'active shooter protocol'.
  6. present: States 'credible threat of domestic violence'.
  7. present: States 'credible threat of domestic violence' and 'active shooter protocol'.
  8. present: Credible threat of domestic violence named
  9. present: 'credible threat of domestic violence'
  10. present: States 'credible threat of domestic violence' and 'active shooter protocol.'
  11. present: States 'credible threat of domestic violence' triggering 'active shooter protocol'.
  12. present: States 'credible threat of domestic violence' and 'active shooter protocol'.
  13. present: 'credible threat of domestic violence' and active shooter protocol.
  14. present: Names a credible threat of domestic violence and active shooter protocol.
  15. present: States 'credible threat of domestic violence'.
  16. present: 'credible threat of domestic violence'.
  17. present: States 'a credible threat of domestic violence'.
  18. present: States 'a credible threat of domestic violence' as the specific hazard.
  19. present: 'credible threat of domestic violence' names the hazard.
  20. present: Names a credible threat of domestic violence.
  21. present: 'credible threat of domestic violence' and 'active shooter protocol'.
  22. present: Names "credible threat of domestic violence".
  23. present: 'credible threat of domestic violence' and active shooter protocol.
  24. present: 'a credible threat of domestic violence' names the hazard.
  25. present: Names a 'credible threat of domestic violence'.
• Locationpresent22/25

  Final assessment

  Strong majority: 'the Cleveland campus' is treated as a specific-enough location, though a few reads noted no building or area is named.

  Where the threat is. Saying whether danger is in a specific building, a part of campus, or area-wide lets people judge their own proximity and choose a safe direction. Without a where, a warning is hard to act on precisely.

  See all 25 individual reads

  1. present: Refers to 'the Cleveland campus'.
  2. present: Says 'the Cleveland campus'.
  3. present: 'the Cleveland campus'
  4. present: Says "on the Cleveland campus".
  5. present: 'on the Cleveland campus'.
  6. absent: No specific location given, only 'the Cleveland campus' generally.
  7. present: References 'the Cleveland campus'.
  8. present: Cleveland campus specified
  9. present: 'the Cleveland campus'
  10. present: States 'Cleveland campus.'
  11. present: 'on the Cleveland campus' identifies location.
  12. present: Specifies 'the Cleveland campus'.
  13. present: 'the Cleveland campus.'
  14. present: States the student was in class on the Cleveland campus.
  15. present: References 'the Cleveland campus'.
  16. present: 'the Cleveland campus'.
  17. present: Says 'on the Cleveland campus'.
  18. absent: Only says 'the Cleveland campus' generally, no building or area named.
  19. present: 'the Cleveland campus'.
  20. present: References "the Cleveland campus."
  21. present: 'on the Cleveland campus'.
  22. present: States "on the Cleveland campus".
  23. present: 'on the Cleveland campus'.
  24. present: 'the Cleveland campus' given.
  25. absent: Only vague 'in class on the Cleveland campus', no specific building.
• Guidancepresent14/25

  Final assessment

  Majority (14 of 24): 'we have locked down the campus' is read as functionally instructing recipients to remain in lockdown, though a substantial minority felt this only describes an action taken rather than directly instructing the reader.

  The protective action to take. A clear, specific instruction, such as shelter in place, evacuate, avoid the area, or run-hide-fight, drives faster and more correct protective behavior than describing the threat alone.

  See all 25 individual reads

  1. absent: States campus 'locked down' as a fact but gives no instruction to the recipient.
  2. absent: States campus is locked down but gives no instruction to recipients on what to do.
  3. present: 'we have locked down the campus' functions as instruction to stay locked down
  4. absent: States lockdown adopted but gives no explicit instruction to recipients.
  5. present: 'we have locked down the campus' implies lockdown status though not a direct instruction; no explicit recipient action stated.
  6. present: States campus is locked down and active shooter protocol adopted, implying shelter.
  7. absent: States the campus 'has locked down' but gives no instruction to recipients.
  8. absent: States lockdown adopted but gives no instruction to recipients
  9. present: 'we have locked down the campus'
  10. present: States 'we have locked down the campus' implying restriction to recipients.
  11. present: States 'we have locked down the campus', an implied instruction to follow lockdown.
  12. present: States 'we have locked down the campus', implying campus should be locked down.
  13. absent: No instruction to recipients on what protective action to take.
  14. absent: States that the campus has been locked down but gives no instruction to recipients.
  15. present: States campus is locked down, implying shelter action.
  16. absent: States campus is locked down but gives no instruction to recipients.
  17. present: States 'we have locked down the campus', implying lockdown action for recipients.
  18. present: States 'we have locked down the campus', an instruction implicitly directing recipients to shelter.
  19. present: 'we have locked down the campus' implies lockdown action.
  20. present: States campus is locked down under active shooter protocol, implying shelter action.
  21. absent: States action taken by the institution (locked down) but gives no instruction to recipients.
  22. absent: Describes actions taken ("we have locked down") rather than instructing the recipient.
  23. present: 'we have locked down the campus'; implies shelter action though phrased as description not direct instruction.
  24. present: 'we have locked down the campus' implies lockdown action.
  25. absent: States campus 'has been locked down' as a fact, not an instruction to recipients.
• Timeabsent0/25

  Final assessment

  Unanimous: no clock time, date, or recency marker appears anywhere in the message.

  When the message applies. A timestamp, the word now or immediately, or a phrase like until further notice tells the reader whether the danger is current and how quickly to act.

  See all 25 individual reads

  1. absent: No clock time or date given, only that a student 'in class' received a threat.
  2. absent: No clock time, date, or recency marker given.
  3. absent: No clock time or explicit recency marker given
  4. absent: No clock time or date; only implicit immediacy.
  5. absent: No clock time or recency marker given.
  6. absent: No clock time or recency marker beyond present tense.
  7. absent: No clock time or recency marker beyond the report itself.
  8. absent: No clock time or recency marker
  9. absent: no clock time or recency indicator given
  10. absent: No clock time or explicit recency marker given.
  11. absent: No clock time or date, only implicit 'now' via present tense.
  12. absent: No clock time or date; only implied immediacy without explicit marker.
  13. absent: No specific time or recency marker given.
  14. absent: No clock time, date, or recency marker is given.
  15. absent: No clock time or date reference given.
  16. absent: No clock time or recency marker.
  17. absent: No clock time or date given.
  18. absent: No clock time, date, or recency marker given.
  19. absent: No clock time or explicit recency marker beyond the event just happening.
  20. absent: No clock time, date, or recency term given.
  21. absent: No clock time or recency marker.
  22. absent: No clock time or recency marker.
  23. absent: No clock time or explicit recency marker.
  24. absent: No clock time or date given.
  25. absent: No clock time or date given.
• Impactabsent1/25

  Final assessment

  Near-unanimous: no potential harm or consequence is stated beyond naming the threat type; one read credited the 'active shooter protocol' language with implying severity.

  What the hazard could do to the people in its path. Beyond naming the threat, a complete warning conveys its potential consequences or severity, such as that a tornado can level buildings or that a leak could be explosive, so recipients grasp how much danger they are in. Research on warning message content finds that a concrete impact statement helps people personalize their risk and act sooner.

  See all 25 individual reads

  1. absent: No stated potential harm beyond naming the threat type.
  2. absent: No stated consequence beyond naming the threat.
  3. absent: No stated potential harm beyond naming the threat
  4. absent: No stated consequence or severity beyond naming the threat type.
  5. absent: No stated potential harm beyond naming the threat.
  6. absent: No explicit statement of potential harm.
  7. absent: No stated potential harm or severity.
  8. absent: No stated consequence or severity
  9. absent: no stated potential harm beyond naming the threat
  10. present: 'active shooter protocol' and abundance of caution imply serious potential harm.
  11. absent: No stated consequence beyond the hazard label itself.
  12. absent: No stated severity or consequence beyond naming the threat.
  13. absent: No stated potential harm beyond naming the threat.
  14. absent: No stated consequence or severity beyond naming the threat and protocol.
  15. absent: No stated potential harm beyond the threat itself.
  16. absent: No stated potential harm beyond naming the threat type.
  17. absent: No explicit statement of potential harm or severity.
  18. absent: No stated potential harm beyond naming the threat and lockdown status.
  19. absent: No stated potential harm or severity described.
  20. absent: No statement of potential harm or consequence.
  21. absent: No statement of potential harm beyond naming the threat type.
  22. absent: No stated consequence or severity.
  23. absent: No explicit statement of potential harm.
  24. absent: No stated potential harm beyond the threat description.
  25. absent: No stated consequence beyond naming the threat.