Armed robbery by three masked suspects on a street adjacent to East Campus

To check this alert, Claude (an AI) read it in full 25 separate times, independently. Each read decided whether the message answers each of the six questions and gave a short reason. A final reviewer then weighed all 25 and wrote the plain-English verdict you see when you open a row. The score (for example 22/25) is how many reads agreed; the 25 individual reads are tucked underneath if you want to check them.

• Sourcepresent25/25

  Final assessment

  All reads agree the source is identified, naming the Durham and Duke University Police Departments and "DUPD".

  Who is sending the alert and who is responding. People act faster on a message from a clearly identifiable, credible sender, such as a named department, the police, or a branded alert system, than on an anonymous notice. A branded signature counts.

  See all 25 individual reads

  1. present: It names "Durham Police Department and Duke University Police Department" and "DUPD" as authorities.
  2. present: It names "Durham Police Department and Duke University Police Department" and "DUPD" as investigating authorities.
  3. present: It names "Durham Police Department and Duke University Police Department" and "DUPD" as investigating authorities.
  4. present: It names "Durham Police Department and Duke University Police Department" and "DUPD" as authorities.
  5. present: It names "Durham Police Department and Duke University Police Department" and "DUPD" as authorities.
  6. present: It names "Durham Police Department and Duke University Police Department" and "DUPD."
  7. present: It names "Durham Police Department and Duke University Police Department" as investigating authorities.
  8. present: Identifies "Durham Police Department and Duke University Police Department" as investigating authorities.
  9. present: It identifies "Durham Police Department and Duke University Police Department" and DUPD as authorities.
  10. present: It names "Durham Police Department and Duke University Police Department" plus "DUPD", identifying authorities.
  11. present: It names "Durham Police Department and Duke University Police Department" and "DUPD" as authorities.
  12. present: It names "Durham Police Department and Duke University Police Department" and DUPD.
  13. present: It names "Durham Police Department and Duke University Police Department" plus "DUPD", identifying the issuing authorities.
  14. present: It names "Durham Police Department and Duke University Police Department" and "DUPD", identifying authorities.
  15. present: It names "Durham Police Department and Duke University Police Department" and "DUPD" as authorities.
  16. present: It names "Durham Police Department and Duke University Police Department" as investigating authorities.
  17. present: It names "Durham Police Department and Duke University Police Department" and "DUPD" as investigating authorities.
  18. present: It names "Durham Police Department and Duke University Police Department" and "DUPD" as investigating authorities.
  19. present: It names "Durham Police Department and Duke University Police Department" and "DUPD" as investigating authorities.
  20. present: It names "Durham Police Department and Duke University Police Department" and "DUPD", responding authorities.
  21. present: It names "Durham Police Department and Duke University Police Department" and "DUPD" as authorities.
  22. present: It names "Durham Police Department and Duke University Police Department" as investigating authorities.
  23. present: It names "Durham Police Department and Duke University Police Department" and "DUPD" as investigating authorities.
  24. present: It names "Durham Police Department and Duke University Police Department" and "DUPD" as investigating authorities.
  25. present: It names "Durham Police Department and Duke University Police Department" and "DUPD" as authorities.
• Hazardpresent25/25

  Final assessment

  Unanimous that a specific threat is named, "An armed robbery" with a handgun.

  What the threat actually is. A complete warning names the specific danger, such as a shooter, a fire, a tornado, or a gas leak, rather than a vague emergency, because people decide what to do based on what they are facing.

  See all 25 individual reads

  1. present: It states "An armed robbery occurred", a specific threat.
  2. present: It names "An armed robbery" with "a handgun", a specific threat.
  3. present: It names an "armed robbery" with a "handgun", a specific threat.
  4. present: It states "An armed robbery occurred", a specific threat involving a handgun.
  5. present: It names "An armed robbery" with "a handgun", a specific threat.
  6. present: It states an "armed robbery" with a "handgun," a specific threat.
  7. present: It names "An armed robbery", a specific threat.
  8. present: Names "An armed robbery" with "a handgun", a specific threat.
  9. present: It names "An armed robbery" with "a handgun", a specific threat.
  10. present: It states an "armed robbery" with "a handgun", a specific threat.
  11. present: It names "An armed robbery" with a "handgun", a specific threat.
  12. present: It names "An armed robbery" involving "a handgun", a specific threat.
  13. present: It names "An armed robbery" with a handgun, a specific threat.
  14. present: It names "An armed robbery" with "a handgun", a specific threat.
  15. present: It states an "armed robbery" with "a handgun," a specific threat.
  16. present: It states "An armed robbery occurred", a specific threat.
  17. present: It names "An armed robbery" with "a handgun", a specific threat.
  18. present: It names "An armed robbery" with a handgun, a specific threat.
  19. present: It states an "armed robbery" with a "handgun", a specific threat.
  20. present: It names an "armed robbery" with a "handgun", a specific threat.
  21. present: It names "An armed robbery" with "a handgun", a specific threat.
  22. present: It states the threat specifically: "An armed robbery occurred" involving a handgun.
  23. present: It names an "armed robbery" with "a handgun," a specific threat.
  24. present: It states an "armed robbery" with a "handgun", a specific threat.
  25. present: It states an "armed robbery" with "a handgun," a specific threat.
• Locationpresent25/25

  Final assessment

  All reads agree a specific place is named, "Pettigrew Street near the Center for Documentary Studies".

  Where the threat is. Saying whether danger is in a specific building, a part of campus, or area-wide lets people judge their own proximity and choose a safe direction. Without a where, a warning is hard to act on precisely.

  See all 25 individual reads

  1. present: It locates it "on Pettigrew Street near the Center for Documentary Studies".
  2. present: It says "Pettigrew Street near the Center for Documentary Studies", a specific place.
  3. present: It places the incident "on Pettigrew Street near the Center for Documentary Studies", a specific location.
  4. present: It says "on Pettigrew Street near the Center for Documentary Studies", a specific place.
  5. present: It cites "Pettigrew Street near the Center for Documentary Studies" and "Swift Avenue".
  6. present: It locates it "on Pettigrew Street near the Center for Documentary Studies."
  7. present: It says "on Pettigrew Street near the Center for Documentary Studies", specific places.
  8. present: Specifies "Pettigrew Street near the Center for Documentary Studies".
  9. present: It specifies "Pettigrew Street near the Center for Documentary Studies", a precise place.
  10. present: It locates it on "Pettigrew Street near the Center for Documentary Studies", a specific place.
  11. present: It cites "Pettigrew Street near the Center for Documentary Studies", a specific location.
  12. present: It specifies "Pettigrew Street near the Center for Documentary Studies".
  13. present: It says "Pettigrew Street near the Center for Documentary Studies", a specific location.
  14. present: It says "Pettigrew Street near the Center for Documentary Studies", a specific location.
  15. present: It locates the crime "on Pettigrew Street near the Center for Documentary Studies."
  16. present: It says "on Pettigrew Street near the Center for Documentary Studies", a specific place.
  17. present: It locates it "on Pettigrew Street near the Center for Documentary Studies", a specific place.
  18. present: It says "Pettigrew Street near the Center for Documentary Studies", a specific location.
  19. present: It says "Pettigrew Street near the Center for Documentary Studies" and "Swift Avenue", specific places.
  20. present: It says "Pettigrew Street near the Center for Documentary Studies", a specific place.
  21. present: It specifies "Pettigrew Street near the Center for Documentary Studies".
  22. present: It gives a location: "Pettigrew Street near the Center for Documentary Studies".
  23. present: It locates it "on Pettigrew Street near the Center for Documentary Studies."
  24. present: It locates it on "Pettigrew Street near the Center for Documentary Studies".
  25. present: It locates it "on Pettigrew Street near the Center for Documentary Studies."
• Guidancepresent20/25

  Final assessment

  Majority finds guidance present in the directed action to "contact DUPD"; a minority says it is only for those with information, not a protective action for recipients generally.

  The protective action to take. A clear, specific instruction, such as shelter in place, evacuate, avoid the area, or run-hide-fight, drives faster and more correct protective behavior than describing the threat alone.

  See all 25 individual reads

  1. present: It tells community members with information to "contact DUPD", a directed instruction.
  2. present: It tells community members to "contact DUPD at 919-684-2444" with information.
  3. present: It tells community members with information to "contact DUPD", a directed action.
  4. present: It tells community members to "contact DUPD at 919-684-2444", an instruction to recipients.
  5. present: It tells community members to "contact DUPD at 919-684-2444" with information.
  6. present: It tells members to "contact DUPD at 919-684-2444" with information.
  7. absent: It only tells those with information to contact DUPD, not a protective action for recipients generally.
  8. present: Tells community members to "contact DUPD" with information, a recipient action.
  9. present: It tells community members with information to "contact DUPD at 919-684-2444".
  10. present: It directs members with information to "contact DUPD", an instruction to recipients.
  11. present: It instructs community members to "contact DUPD at 919-684-2444", an action directed to recipients.
  12. absent: It only asks those with information to contact DUPD, not any protective action.
  13. present: It tells community members to "contact DUPD at 919-684-2444", a protective action instruction.
  14. absent: It only asks anyone with information to contact DUPD, no protective action for general recipients.
  15. present: It tells community members to "contact DUPD at 919-684-2444," a directed action.
  16. absent: It only asks those with information to contact DUPD; no protective action is given to recipients.
  17. present: It tells community members to "contact DUPD", a directed action.
  18. present: It tells community members to "contact DUPD" with information, a directed action.
  19. present: It tells community members to "contact DUPD at 919-684-2444", an instruction to recipients.
  20. present: It tells community members with information to "contact DUPD", a recipient instruction.
  21. present: It tells community members to "contact DUPD at 919-684-2444" with information.
  22. absent: It only asks those with information to contact DUPD, giving no protective action to recipients.
  23. present: It tells community members with information to "contact DUPD," but only a tip line, plus protective framing; treating contact-police as guidance present.
  24. present: It tells community members to "contact DUPD" with information, an instruction.
  25. present: It instructs members to "contact DUPD at 919-684-2444" with information.
• Timepresent25/25

  Final assessment

  All reads agree a time is given, the robbery "around 8:30 p.m. Tuesday".

  When the message applies. A timestamp, the word now or immediately, or a phrase like until further notice tells the reader whether the danger is current and how quickly to act.

  See all 25 individual reads

  1. present: It gives a time, "around 8:30 p.m. Tuesday".
  2. present: It gives a time, "around 8:30 p.m. Tuesday", conveying when it occurred.
  3. present: It gives recency with "around 8:30 p.m. Tuesday", a clock time and day.
  4. present: It gives "around 8:30 p.m. Tuesday", a clock time and recency reference.
  5. present: It states the time "around 8:30 p.m. Tuesday", a clock time and day.
  6. present: It gives time "around 8:30 p.m. Tuesday," a specific recency cue.
  7. present: It says the robbery occurred "around 8:30 p.m. Tuesday", a clock time and day.
  8. present: Gives recency "around 8:30 p.m. Tuesday", a clock time and day.
  9. present: It gives a clock time and day, "around 8:30 p.m. Tuesday".
  10. present: It gives "around 8:30 p.m. Tuesday", a clock time and day reference.
  11. present: It states the time "around 8:30 p.m. Tuesday", a recency cue.
  12. present: It gives a time, "around 8:30 p.m. Tuesday", a recency reference.
  13. present: It gives recency, "around 8:30 p.m. Tuesday", a clock time and day.
  14. present: It gives "around 8:30 p.m. Tuesday", a clock time and day.
  15. present: It gives recency: "around 8:30 p.m. Tuesday," a clock time and day.
  16. present: It gives a time, "around 8:30 p.m. Tuesday", conveying when it occurred.
  17. present: It states the time "around 8:30 p.m. Tuesday", a clock time and day.
  18. present: It gives "around 8:30 p.m. Tuesday", a clock time and day reference.
  19. present: It gives a time, "around 8:30 p.m. Tuesday", conveying when it occurred.
  20. present: It states the time "around 8:30 p.m. Tuesday", a recency/clock cue.
  21. present: It gives "around 8:30 p.m. Tuesday", a specific time.
  22. present: It conveys timing: "around 8:30 p.m. Tuesday".
  23. present: It says the robbery occurred "around 8:30 p.m. Tuesday," a clock time and day.
  24. present: It gives a time, "around 8:30 p.m. Tuesday", a recency and clock cue.
  25. present: It gives recency, "around 8:30 p.m. Tuesday."
• Impactpresent24/25

  Final assessment

  Present by a near-unanimous 24 to 1 majority: it describes an armed robbery by suspects who stole property, and the armed robbery conveys a real danger of harm to people despite no injuries reported.

  What the hazard could do to the people in its path. Beyond naming the threat, a complete warning conveys its potential consequences or severity, such as that a tornado can level buildings or that a leak could be explosive, so recipients grasp how much danger they are in. Research on warning message content finds that a concrete impact statement helps people personalize their risk and act sooner.

  See all 25 individual reads

  1. present: It describes an armed robbery with a suspect possessing a handgun, noting no injuries, but the armed robbery conveys real danger of harm.
  2. present: This describes an armed robbery where a suspect possessed a handgun, conveying a threat of harm, though it notes no injuries were reported.
  3. present: Describes an armed robbery where a suspect possessed a handgun, conveying a clear violent danger, though it notes no injuries.
  4. present: It reports an armed robbery where suspects possessed a handgun and stole property, conveying a violent armed threat to the victim.
  5. present: Describes an armed robbery where a suspect possessed a handgun, conveying threat of harm, though no injuries reported.
  6. present: It reports an armed robbery where suspects stole property with a handgun and notes no injuries were reported which states the harm and that no one was hurt.
  7. present: Reports an armed robbery where suspects stole property at gunpoint, and notes no injuries, but the armed robbery with a handgun conveys a threatening dangerous crime.
  8. present: Describes an armed robbery with a handgun and suspects fleeing, conveying threat of violent harm though no injuries occurred.
  9. present: Reports an armed robbery with a handgun in which a victim's property was stolen, a stated violent harm though no injuries occurred.
  10. present: It reports an armed robbery where a suspect possessed a handgun, conveying a danger from armed criminals.
  11. present: Describes an armed robbery where a suspect possessed a handgun, conveying a threat of armed violence even though no injuries occurred.
  12. present: It reports an armed robbery where a suspect possessed a handgun, conveying a violent armed threat though it notes no injuries.
  13. present: An armed robbery where a suspect possessed a handgun conveys a danger of violent armed harm, though no injuries occurred.
  14. present: Describes an armed robbery with a handgun where suspects stole property, and notes no injuries were reported, conveying a violent threat and its outcome.
  15. present: Describes an armed robbery with a handgun where suspects stole property, conveying a violent crime, though it notes no injuries.
  16. present: Describes an armed robbery with a handgun though noting no injuries, conveying a violent threat of harm to a victim.
  17. present: Describes an armed robbery with a suspect possessing a handgun, conveying a danger to the victim, though it notes no injuries.
  18. absent: Describes an armed robbery but explicitly states no injuries were reported, conveying no harm done.
  19. present: Describes an armed robbery with a handgun and explicitly notes no injuries were reported, addressing potential harm.
  20. present: Describes an armed robbery where suspects possessed a handgun, conveying threat of harm though it notes no injuries reported.
  21. present: Reports an armed robbery where suspects with a handgun stole property and a car, a stated violent crime, though no injuries.
  22. present: Reports an armed robbery where a suspect possessed a handgun, conveying a danger to people though no injuries occurred.
  23. present: Describes an armed robbery with a handgun and notes no injuries were reported, addressing the harm question directly.
  24. present: Describes an armed robbery where a suspect possessed a handgun, conveying danger to the victim, though it notes no injuries.
  25. present: It describes an armed robbery with a suspect possessing a handgun, implying danger though no injuries were reported.