Precautionary boil-water advisory covers both campuses over a holiday weekend

To check this alert, Claude (an AI) read it in full 25 separate times, independently. Each read decided whether the message answers each of the six questions and gave a short reason. A final reviewer then weighed all 25 and wrote the plain-English verdict you see when you open a row. The score (for example 22/25) is how many reads agreed; the 25 individual reads are tucked underneath if you want to check them.

• Sourceabsent0/25

  Final assessment

  Unanimous that no sender, agency, or branded signature appears, so the source is absent.

  Who is sending the alert and who is responding. People act faster on a message from a clearly identifiable, credible sender, such as a named department, the police, or a branded alert system, than on an anonymous notice. A branded signature counts.

  See all 25 individual reads

  1. absent: No sender, branded tag, or issuing authority is named in the text.
  2. absent: No sender, agency, or branded signature appears in the text.
  3. absent: The text names no sender, agency, or branded signature, giving only boil-water instructions.
  4. absent: No sender, branded signature, or issuing authority is named in the text.
  5. absent: No sender, branded signature, or named authority appears in the boil-water instructions.
  6. absent: No sender, branded signature, or responding authority is identified in the text.
  7. absent: No sender, branded signature, or named authority appears in the text.
  8. absent: No sender tag, agency, or institution names itself in the text.
  9. absent: No branded signature, sender, or named authority appears in the boil-water instructions.
  10. absent: No sender, branded tag, or named authority appears in the boil-water instructions.
  11. absent: No sender, branded signature, or issuing authority is named in the text.
  12. absent: No sender, branded signature, or authority is named in the text.
  13. absent: No sender, agency, or branded signature is identified in the text.
  14. absent: No sender tag, branded signature, or responding authority appears in the text.
  15. absent: No sender tag, university name, or agency is identified in this text.
  16. absent: No sender, branded signature, or authority is identified in the text.
  17. absent: No sender, branded signature, or issuing authority is named in this boil-water text.
  18. absent: No sender tag, university name, or agency signature appears in the text.
  19. absent: No sender, branded signature, or responding authority is named in the text.
  20. absent: No sender, branded signature, or issuing authority is named in the boil-water instructions.
  21. absent: No sender, branded signature, or responding authority is named in the text.
  22. absent: No sender, agency, or branded signature is identified in the text.
  23. absent: No branded signature, university name, or named agency identifies the sender in the text.
  24. absent: No sender, branded signature, or agency is named in the text.
  25. absent: No sender name, branded signature, or responding authority is identified in the text.
• Hazardpresent17/25

  Final assessment

  A majority reads the boil-water instructions as naming a water-safety hazard; dissenters note no contamination threat is stated explicitly.

  What the threat actually is. A complete warning names the specific danger, such as a shooter, a fire, a tornado, or a gas leak, rather than a vague emergency, because people decide what to do based on what they are facing.

  See all 25 individual reads

  1. present: Implies a water-safety hazard via boil instructions; "Bring water to a rolling boil" signals contaminated water.
  2. present: Implies the hazard, unsafe water requiring boiling, a boil-water condition.
  3. present: The boil-water instructions imply contaminated water, but the deciding cue is the directive to "Bring water to a rolling boil", indicating a water-safety hazard.
  4. present: A boil-water advisory implying unsafe water is the hazard, with directions to boil water before use.
  5. present: Implies unsafe water via boil-water guidance, a specific hazard (water contamination).
  6. absent: No specific hazard is named; only boil-water instructions without naming contamination/advisory.
  7. present: Implies a water contamination/boil-water hazard via "boiling" and discarding beverages.
  8. present: Implies a water contamination hazard via boil-water instructions, a specific threat.
  9. present: Implies a water-safety hazard via boil-water instructions, a specific contamination concern.
  10. present: The boil-water instructions imply contaminated water, a specific public-health hazard requiring boiling.
  11. present: Names the hazard implicitly via a boil-water situation requiring boiling water.
  12. present: Implies a water contamination hazard via boil-water instructions, though the word advisory is implicit.
  13. present: Implies a contaminated water hazard requiring boiling, a boil-water situation.
  14. absent: Implies a water contamination/boil advisory but names no specific hazard explicitly.
  15. absent: No specific hazard is named; it gives boil-water instructions without stating the contamination threat.
  16. present: Implies a water-contamination hazard via instructions to boil water and discard beverages.
  17. present: Implies the hazard of unsafe water requiring boiling, a water-contamination hazard.
  18. present: Implies contaminated water requiring boiling, a specific public-health hazard.
  19. present: Implies a water contamination hazard via boil-water instructions, a specific health hazard.
  20. absent: The boil-water steps imply contamination but no specific hazard such as a water emergency is named.
  21. present: Names the hazard implicitly as unsafe water requiring boiling, a boil-water advisory.
  22. absent: Implies a water-safety issue but names no specific hazard explicitly.
  23. absent: It implies contaminated water but names no specific hazard; a boil advisory is implied without stating the threat.
  24. absent: It gives boil-water instructions but names no specific hazard such as contamination.
  25. absent: The instructions imply unsafe water but no specific hazard such as contamination is named in the text.
• Locationabsent0/25

  Final assessment

  All 25 reads agree no specific location is named, so location is absent.

  Where the threat is. Saying whether danger is in a specific building, a part of campus, or area-wide lets people judge their own proximity and choose a safe direction. Without a where, a warning is hard to act on precisely.

  See all 25 individual reads

  1. absent: No location, building, or area is named in the text.
  2. absent: No building, place, or campus area is named in the text.
  3. absent: No building, street, or "campus" location is stated in the text.
  4. absent: No building, area, or "campus" location is named in the text.
  5. absent: No building, campus, or location is stated in the text.
  6. absent: No building, street, area, or "campus" is specified in the text.
  7. absent: No building, area, or place is named in the text.
  8. absent: No building, street, or campus location is named in the text.
  9. absent: No building, area, street, or "campus" is named in the text.
  10. absent: No building, area, or "campus" location is specified in the text.
  11. absent: No building, area, or place is identified in the text.
  12. absent: No building, area, or "campus" is mentioned.
  13. absent: Names no building, street, campus, or area in the text.
  14. absent: No building, area, or campus location is named in the text.
  15. absent: No specific place or location is named in this text.
  16. absent: No building, area, or "campus" location is named in the text.
  17. absent: No building, area, or campus location is stated in the text.
  18. absent: No building, area, or campus location is stated in the text.
  19. absent: No building, area, or campus location is specified in the text.
  20. absent: No building, street, campus, or place is named in the text.
  21. absent: No building, street, place, or "campus" is named in the text.
  22. absent: No building, area, or place is named in the text.
  23. absent: No building, area, or location is named in the text.
  24. absent: No building, street, area, or place is named in the text.
  25. absent: No building, street, area, or campus location is stated in the text.
• Guidancepresent25/25

  Final assessment

  Unanimous that protective guidance, boil water before use, is directed to recipients.

  The protective action to take. A clear, specific instruction, such as shelter in place, evacuate, avoid the area, or run-hide-fight, drives faster and more correct protective behavior than describing the threat alone.

  See all 25 individual reads

  1. present: Instructs recipients to "Discard any beverages", "Run cold water", "Bring water to a rolling boil".
  2. present: Instructs recipients to "Discard any beverages" and "Bring water to a rolling boil for 1 minute".
  3. present: It instructs "Discard any beverages and ice", "Bring water to a rolling boil for 1 minute", protective actions.
  4. present: It instructs recipients to "Discard any beverages and ice", "Bring water to a rolling boil for 1 minute".
  5. present: Instructs recipients to "Discard any beverages and ice" and "Bring water to a rolling boil".
  6. present: Instructs recipients to "Discard any beverages and ice", "Run cold water", and "Bring water to a rolling boil".
  7. present: Instructs recipients to "Discard any beverages", "Bring water to a rolling boil for 1 minute".
  8. present: Instructs recipients to "Discard any beverages and ice", run water, and "Bring water to a rolling boil", protective actions.
  9. present: Instructs recipients to "Discard any beverages and ice", "Bring water to a rolling boil for 1 minute", protective actions.
  10. present: Instructs recipients to "Discard any beverages", "Bring water to a rolling boil for 1 minute", protective actions.
  11. present: Instructs to "Discard any beverages", "Bring water to a rolling boil", protective actions.
  12. present: Instructs recipients to "Discard any beverages", "Bring water to a rolling boil for 1 minute".
  13. present: Instructs recipients to "Discard any beverages and ice" and "Bring water to a rolling boil".
  14. present: Instructs recipients to discard beverages, boil water for 1 minute, and store it safely, protective actions.
  15. present: Instructs recipients to "Discard any beverages", boil water, and store it safely.
  16. present: Instructs recipients to "Discard any beverages", "Bring water to a rolling boil for 1 minute".
  17. present: Instructs to "Discard any beverages and ice ... Bring water to a rolling boil for 1 minute", protective actions.
  18. present: Instructs to "Discard any beverages" and "Bring water to a rolling boil for 1 minute".
  19. present: Instructs recipients to "Discard any beverages and ice" and "Bring water to a rolling boil", protective actions.
  20. present: Instructs recipients to "Discard any beverages and ice", "Bring water to a rolling boil for 1 minute", and store it covered.
  21. present: Instructs recipients to "Discard any beverages and ice", "Bring water to a rolling boil for 1 minute".
  22. present: Instructs to "Discard any beverages", "Bring water to a rolling boil for 1 minute".
  23. present: It instructs recipients to "Discard any beverages and ice" and "Bring water to a rolling boil for 1 minute", protective actions.
  24. present: It instructs recipients to "Discard any beverages" and "Bring water to a rolling boil for 1 minute".
  25. present: Instructs recipients to discard beverages and "Bring water to a rolling boil for 1 minute", protective actions.
• Timepresent25/25

  Final assessment

  All 25 reads agree timing is present, with a clock time or recency cue.

  When the message applies. A timestamp, the word now or immediately, or a phrase like until further notice tells the reader whether the danger is current and how quickly to act.

  See all 25 individual reads

  1. present: Gives the time "after 9 p.m. on Wednesday, July 3, 2024".
  2. present: Gives a time, "made after 9 p.m. on Wednesday, July 3, 2024".
  3. present: It says "after 9 p.m. on Wednesday, July 3, 2024", a clock time and date.
  4. present: It gives "after 9 p.m. on Wednesday, July 3, 2024", a clock time and date.
  5. present: States "after 9 p.m. on Wednesday, July 3, 2024", a clock time and date.
  6. present: States "after 9 p.m. on Wednesday, July 3, 2024".
  7. present: Gives "after 9 p.m. on Wednesday, July 3, 2024".
  8. present: Says discard items made "after 9 p.m. on Wednesday, July 3, 2024", a clock time and date.
  9. present: Gives the time "after 9 p.m. on Wednesday, July 3, 2024".
  10. present: Gives "after 9 p.m. on Wednesday, July 3, 2024".
  11. present: Gives time and date "after 9 p.m. on Wednesday, July 3, 2024".
  12. present: Gives "after 9 p.m. on Wednesday, July 3, 2024".
  13. present: Gives the time "after 9 p.m. on Wednesday, July 3, 2024".
  14. present: Gives a clock time and date, "after 9 p.m. on Wednesday, July 3, 2024".
  15. present: Gives "after 9 p.m. on Wednesday, July 3, 2024".
  16. present: Gives a time and date: "after 9 p.m. on Wednesday, July 3, 2024".
  17. present: Gives time "after 9 p.m. on Wednesday, July 3, 2024".
  18. present: Gives "after 9 p.m. on Wednesday, July 3, 2024", a specific time.
  19. present: Gives "after 9 p.m. on Wednesday, July 3, 2024", a clock time and date.
  20. present: Gives the time "after 9 p.m. on Wednesday, July 3, 2024".
  21. present: Gives time "after 9 p.m. on Wednesday, July 3, 2024".
  22. present: Says "after 9 p.m. on Wednesday, July 3, 2024", a specific time.
  23. present: It gives a specific time and date, "after 9 p.m. on Wednesday, July 3, 2024".
  24. present: It gives the time "after 9 p.m. on Wednesday, July 3, 2024".
  25. present: Gives the time and date, "after 9 p.m. on Wednesday, July 3, 2024".
• Impactpresent22/25

  Final assessment

  Present by a strong 22 to 3 majority: it directs discarding beverages and boiling water before use, a boil-water advisory that conveys the water is unsafe to consume.

  What the hazard could do to the people in its path. Beyond naming the threat, a complete warning conveys its potential consequences or severity, such as that a tornado can level buildings or that a leak could be explosive, so recipients grasp how much danger they are in. Research on warning message content finds that a concrete impact statement helps people personalize their risk and act sooner.

  See all 25 individual reads

  1. present: It directs discarding beverages and boiling water before use, a boil water advisory that implies the water is unsafe to consume.
  2. present: This boil-water advisory directs discarding beverages and boiling water for one minute, implying the water is unsafe to consume as a health hazard.
  3. present: A boil-water advisory directing people to discard beverages and boil water implies the water is unsafe to consume, conveying a health hazard.
  4. present: It directs discarding beverages and boiling water for a minute, implying the tap water is unsafe to consume without treatment.
  5. present: Boil water advisory instructions to discard beverages and boil water imply contaminated water poses a health danger.
  6. present: It directs discarding beverages and boiling water before use which clearly implies the water is unsafe to consume conveying a health danger.
  7. present: Instructs discarding beverages and boiling water for safety, implying the tap water is unsafe and could cause harm if consumed.
  8. present: A boil-water advisory directing people to discard beverages and boil water for a minute strongly implies the water is unsafe to consume.
  9. present: Boil-water advisory directing discarding beverages and boiling water to make it safe implies the water is unsafe to consume, an implied health danger.
  10. present: A boil water advisory directing people to boil water before use implies contaminated water unsafe to drink, a health hazard.
  11. present: Boil water advisory directing residents to discard beverages and boil water, implying the water is unsafe and a health hazard.
  12. present: A boil-water advisory directing to discard beverages and boil water for a minute implies the water is unsafe to consume, conveying a health danger.
  13. present: A boil water advisory directing people to boil water before use implies the water is unsafe and could harm health if consumed.
  14. present: Instructs discarding water and boiling water before use, implying contaminated unsafe water that poses a health risk.
  15. present: Boil-water advisory instructing to discard beverages and boil water for a minute, implying the water is unsafe to consume.
  16. present: A boil water advisory directing people to boil water before use implies the water is unsafe to consume, conveying a health risk.
  17. present: A boil-water advisory directing people to boil water and discard beverages implies the water is unsafe to consume, a stated hazard.
  18. present: Boil-water advisory directing discarding contaminated water and boiling to make it safe, implying a contamination health hazard.
  19. absent: Gives boil water instructions but states no harm or what the contamination could cause to health.
  20. absent: Gives boil-water instructions but states no specific health harm or consequence of the contamination.
  21. present: Boil water advisory directing people to boil water before use, a clearly implied health hazard from contaminated water.
  22. present: Issues a boil-water advisory directing people to discard beverages and boil water, implying the water is unsafe to consume.
  23. present: Boil-water advisory directing to discard beverages and boil water implies the water is unsafe to consume.
  24. present: Instructs boiling water and discarding contaminated beverages, implying the tap water is unsafe to consume, a stated health hazard.
  25. absent: It gives boil-water instructions but does not state any specific harm or health danger from the water.