Missing-student notification for a graduate student later found dead in a river

To check this alert, Claude (an AI) read it in full 25 separate times, independently. Each read decided whether the message answers each of the six questions and gave a short reason. A final reviewer then weighed all 25 and wrote the plain-English verdict you see when you open a row. The score (for example 22/25) is how many reads agreed; the 25 individual reads are tucked underneath if you want to check them.

• Sourceabsent8/25

  Final assessment

  A majority finds the source absent; ISU is named only as where the student studies, not as a sender, though a minority treated the ISU reference as identifying the issuer.

  Who is sending the alert and who is responding. People act faster on a message from a clearly identifiable, credible sender, such as a named department, the police, or a branded alert system, than on an anonymous notice. A branded signature counts.

  See all 25 individual reads

  1. absent: No branded signature or named authority appears in the text.
  2. present: It references "Illinois State University (ISU)" and an "ISU faculty member" reporting, identifying the issuer.
  3. absent: No sender tag, agency, or institution self-naming appears; ISU is named only as where the student studies.
  4. absent: No sender tag or issuing authority is named in the text, only ISU as where he studies.
  5. absent: No sender tag, signature, or named authority appears in this missing-person notice text.
  6. absent: No branded signature or police agency identifies itself as sender; ISU is named only as where Day studied.
  7. absent: No sender tag, agency, or institution naming itself as issuer appears; ISU is referenced about the student, not as sender.
  8. absent: No sender tag, agency, or alert signature appears; it reads as a missing-person bulletin without a named issuer.
  9. absent: No sender tag or named authority appears; ISU is named as the student's school, not as issuer.
  10. present: It names "Illinois State University (ISU)" and references the faculty member reporting, identifying the issuer.
  11. present: It names "Illinois State University (ISU)" and references a faculty member reporting, identifying the issuer.
  12. present: The mention of "an ISU faculty member" reporting and ISU framing identify the issuing institution.
  13. present: It references the student being reported missing and Illinois State University, identifying the source context.
  14. absent: No sender tag, agency, or institution naming itself appears; it reads as a bare missing-person bulletin.
  15. present: It names "Illinois State University (ISU)", identifying the issuer.
  16. absent: No sender tag or named authority appears in this bulletin-style description.
  17. present: It references "Illinois State University (ISU)" and "an ISU faculty member", identifying the institutional source.
  18. absent: No sender tag or named authority appears in the text; it reads as a descriptive bulletin.
  19. absent: No branded signature or named issuing authority appears; it gives only a missing person description.
  20. absent: No sender name, agency, or branded signature appears; ISU is named only as the school he attends.
  21. absent: No sender or agency issuing the alert is named; ISU is referenced as the school, not the stated issuer.
  22. absent: No sender name, branded signature, or named agency appears in the text.
  23. present: It names "Illinois State University (ISU)" and references the missing-person report, identifying the source.
  24. absent: No sender name, agency, or branded signature appears in the text.
  25. absent: No branded signature, university name, or agency is named as the sender, though the school is mentioned.
• Hazardpresent25/25

  Final assessment

  Unanimous that the hazard is present; a missing graduate student is described as the specific situation.

  What the threat actually is. A complete warning names the specific danger, such as a shooter, a fire, a tornado, or a gas leak, rather than a vague emergency, because people decide what to do based on what they are facing.

  See all 25 individual reads

  1. present: It describes a "Missing" graduate student, a specific situation/threat type.
  2. present: It describes a person "Missing" under unknown circumstances, a specific situation.
  3. present: It describes a person "Missing ... under UNKNOWN CIRCUMSTANCES", a specific situation.
  4. present: It names a missing person, "Missing is Jelani J.J. Day", a specific situation.
  5. present: It names a "Missing" person, a specific situation.
  6. present: It describes a person "Missing ... under UNKNOWN CIRCUMSTANCES", a missing-person hazard.
  7. present: It describes a person "Missing... under UNKNOWN CIRCUMSTANCES", a missing-person threat.
  8. present: It names a "Missing" person under "UNKNOWN CIRCUMSTANCES", a specific missing-person hazard.
  9. present: It describes a "Missing" person under "UNKNOWN CIRCUMSTANCES", a specific situation type.
  10. present: It names a "Missing" person, a specific incident type.
  11. present: It describes a "Missing" graduate student, a specific situation.
  12. present: It describes a "Missing" graduate student, a specific missing-person hazard.
  13. present: It names a "Missing" graduate student, a specific situation.
  14. present: It names a "Missing" person, a specific situation under the rubric.
  15. present: It describes a "Missing" graduate student under unknown circumstances, a specific situation.
  16. present: It states a student is "Missing", a specific hazard category.
  17. present: It describes a "Missing" graduate student, a specific missing-person hazard.
  18. present: It describes a "Missing" graduate student "under UNKNOWN CIRCUMSTANCES," a specific hazard.
  19. present: It states a person is "Missing", a missing person hazard.
  20. present: It names the hazard: a "Missing" person, "Jelani J.J. Day".
  21. present: It describes a "Missing" graduate student, a specific missing-person hazard.
  22. present: It describes a "Missing" graduate student "under UNKNOWN CIRCUMSTANCES", a specific situation.
  23. present: It describes a "Missing" graduate student, a specific situation/hazard.
  24. present: It names a "Missing" graduate student, a specific person safety hazard.
  25. present: It describes a "Missing" graduate student under "UNKNOWN CIRCUMSTANCES", a specific missing-person hazard.
• Locationabsent3/25

  Final assessment

  A strong majority finds location absent; only the missing person home city and school affiliation are given, with no place of disappearance, though a few counted Bloomington as a location.

  Where the threat is. Saying whether danger is in a specific building, a part of campus, or area-wide lets people judge their own proximity and choose a safe direction. Without a where, a warning is hard to act on precisely.

  See all 25 individual reads

  1. absent: It names the person's home city and school affiliation but no specific where for the disappearance.
  2. absent: No campus building or area location is given; only the missing person's home city.
  3. absent: No campus building, street, or area location is given; only the student's home city and ISU as his school.
  4. absent: No campus building or area is given, only Bloomington as his hometown.
  5. absent: No campus building, street, or area is named; only the student's city and ISU affiliation appear.
  6. present: It says Day is "of Bloomington, Illinois" and a graduate student at ISU, a location reference.
  7. absent: No specific location of disappearance is given; it gives the student's hometown, not where he went missing.
  8. absent: No campus building, street, or area is named; only the person's hometown and university affiliation.
  9. absent: No campus building or area is given; only the student's home city of Bloomington, Illinois.
  10. absent: No specific campus building, street, or area is named; only the city of Bloomington is mentioned.
  11. absent: No campus building, street, or area is given; only the student's home city is mentioned.
  12. absent: No campus location is given; only the missing person's hometown and vehicle are described.
  13. absent: No campus building, street, or area location is named for the disappearance.
  14. absent: No campus, building, or area is given; only the student's home city and a car description appear.
  15. absent: It names the student's home city and his absence but no campus place where he is missing from.
  16. absent: No campus building, street, or area location is given for the disappearance.
  17. absent: It gives the person's hometown and school affiliation but no campus building, street, or area location.
  18. absent: No campus building, street, or area location is given; only home city and school affiliation.
  19. absent: It says he is "of Bloomington, Illinois" and a graduate student but gives no incident location on or near campus.
  20. absent: No location of the disappearance is given beyond his home city and school enrollment.
  21. present: It says "Bloomington, Illinois" and Illinois State University, location references.
  22. absent: No campus building, area, or place is given for where to look or shelter.
  23. absent: It gives the subject's home city and vehicle but no location of the disappearance or campus place.
  24. present: It references "Bloomington, Illinois" and Illinois State University, named places.
  25. absent: No campus building, street, or area is stated; only the student's home city and the school name appear.
• Guidanceabsent0/25

  Final assessment

  Unanimous that guidance is absent; the message gives only a description with no protective instruction to recipients.

  The protective action to take. A clear, specific instruction, such as shelter in place, evacuate, avoid the area, or run-hide-fight, drives faster and more correct protective behavior than describing the threat alone.

  See all 25 individual reads

  1. absent: It provides description details but gives no protective action to recipients.
  2. absent: It gives only a description with no protective instruction to recipients.
  3. absent: No protective action or contact instruction to recipients is given in the text.
  4. absent: No protective action or directed request to recipients is stated.
  5. absent: It describes the person but gives no protective action instruction to recipients.
  6. absent: It describes the missing person but gives no instruction or request to recipients.
  7. absent: No protective action or directed request to recipients appears; it only describes the missing person.
  8. absent: No protective action or instruction to recipients is given.
  9. absent: No protective action is directed to recipients; it is purely a descriptive missing-person bulletin.
  10. absent: It provides a description but gives no instruction or call-to-action to recipients.
  11. absent: No protective action is given to recipients; it is a descriptive missing-person notice.
  12. absent: No protective action or call-to-report instruction is directed at recipients.
  13. absent: It gives a description but no protective instruction or call to action to recipients.
  14. absent: It provides no instruction to recipients, only a description of the missing person.
  15. absent: It provides description details but gives recipients no protective action or instruction.
  16. absent: No protective action or call-for-information instruction to recipients appears.
  17. absent: It provides description details but gives no instruction to recipients on what action to take.
  18. absent: No protective instruction or directed action for recipients appears in the text.
  19. absent: It gives a description but no instruction to recipients on what action to take.
  20. absent: No protective action or contact instruction to recipients is given.
  21. absent: No protective action or call-to-report instruction is given to recipients in the text.
  22. absent: It provides description but gives recipients no protective action or call-in instruction.
  23. absent: It describes the missing person but gives no protective-action instruction to recipients.
  24. absent: It gives a description but no protective action instruction to recipients.
  25. absent: No protective action or instruction to recipients is given in the text.
• Timepresent25/25

  Final assessment

  All reads agree timing is present; the alert states reported missing on 8/25/2021 and last contact on 8/23/2021.

  When the message applies. A timestamp, the word now or immediately, or a phrase like until further notice tells the reader whether the danger is current and how quickly to act.

  See all 25 individual reads

  1. present: It says "reported missing on 8/25/2021" and "last spoke to Day on the evening of 8/23/2021", date cues.
  2. present: It states "reported missing on 8/25/2021" and last spoke "8/23/2021", dates.
  3. present: It states "reported missing on 8/25/2021" and "last spoke ... on the evening of 8/23/2021", dates.
  4. present: It states he "was reported missing on 8/25/2021" and last spoken to "8/23/2021".
  5. present: It says reported missing "on 8/25/2021" and last spoke "on the evening of 8/23/2021", dates.
  6. present: It cites "reported missing on 8/25/2021" and "the evening of 8/23/2021", dates.
  7. present: It cites "reported missing on 8/25/2021" and "last spoke... on the evening of 8/23/2021", specific dates.
  8. present: It cites "8/25/2021" and "the evening of 8/23/2021", specific dates.
  9. present: It gives dates "8/25/2021" and "8/23/2021", date references.
  10. present: It says "reported missing on 8/25/2021" and "last spoke ... on the evening of 8/23/2021", specific dates.
  11. present: It dates events, "reported missing on 8/25/2021" and "last spoke to Day on the evening of 8/23/2021".
  12. present: It cites reporting "on 8/25/2021" and last contact "on the evening of 8/23/2021", dates.
  13. present: It says he was "reported missing on 8/25/2021" and last spoken to "on the evening of 8/23/2021", dates and times.
  14. present: It gives dates: "reported missing on 8/25/2021" and last contact "8/23/2021".
  15. present: It cites being "reported missing on 8/25/2021" and last contact "8/23/2021", specific dates.
  16. present: It gives "8/25/2021" reported and "the evening of 8/23/2021", specific dates.
  17. present: It cites "reported missing on 8/25/2021" and "last spoke to Day on the evening of 8/23/2021", dates.
  18. present: It cites being "reported missing on 8/25/2021" and last contact "on the evening of 8/23/2021."
  19. present: It states he was reported missing "on 8/25/2021" and last spoken to "on the evening of 8/23/2021", dates.
  20. present: It gives dates: "reported missing on 8/25/2021" and last contact "on the evening of 8/23/2021".
  21. present: It cites "reported missing on 8/25/2021" and last contact "8/23/2021", specific dates.
  22. present: It gives dates such as "8/25/2021" and "the evening of 8/23/2021."
  23. present: It says "reported missing on 8/25/2021" and last spoken to "on the evening of 8/23/2021", specific dates.
  24. present: It states "reported missing on 8/25/2021" and last spoke "on the evening of 8/23/2021", specific dates.
  25. present: It says "reported missing on 8/25/2021" and "last spoke to Day on the evening of 8/23/2021", specific dates.
• Impactabsent0/25

  Final assessment

  Unanimous absent. All 25 reads agree it describes a missing student with a physical description but states no harm or danger.

  What the hazard could do to the people in its path. Beyond naming the threat, a complete warning conveys its potential consequences or severity, such as that a tornado can level buildings or that a leak could be explosive, so recipients grasp how much danger they are in. Research on warning message content finds that a concrete impact statement helps people personalize their risk and act sooner.

  See all 25 individual reads

  1. absent: Describes a missing student under unknown circumstances with a physical description but states no harm or danger.
  2. absent: It is a missing person description with no stated danger, harm, or potential consequence.
  3. absent: Provides a detailed missing person description but states no harm, danger, or consequence.
  4. absent: Describes a missing student under unknown circumstances with a physical description but states no harm or danger.
  5. absent: It describes a missing graduate student under unknown circumstances with a physical description but states no harm or danger.
  6. absent: Describes a missing student with physical details but states no harm, danger, or threat to the community.
  7. absent: A missing-student bulletin describing the person and circumstances without stating any harm or danger.
  8. absent: Describes a missing student under unknown circumstances with physical description but states no stated harm or danger.
  9. absent: Describes a missing graduate student under unknown circumstances with physical description but states no harm or danger.
  10. absent: A missing-person bulletin describing the student and vehicle but stating no harm or danger.
  11. absent: Provides a missing student description under unknown circumstances without stating harm or danger.
  12. absent: Provides a missing-person description under unknown circumstances without stating harm or danger.
  13. absent: Describes a missing student with physical details but states no harm or danger has occurred.
  14. absent: Describes a missing student under unknown circumstances with identifying details but states no harm or danger.
  15. absent: Describes a missing student with physical and vehicle details but states no harm, danger, or consequence.
  16. absent: Describes a missing student under unknown circumstances with physical details but states no stated harm or danger.
  17. absent: It is a missing person description with details but states no harm or danger to the student or community.
  18. absent: Missing person description with unknown circumstances and no stated harm, danger, or consequence.
  19. absent: A missing person notice with description and vehicle details but states no harm or danger explicitly.
  20. absent: Describes a missing student under unknown circumstances with physical description but states no explicit harm or danger.
  21. absent: It is a missing person description under unknown circumstances with no stated harm or danger conveyed.
  22. absent: Provides a missing student description under unknown circumstances but states no harm or danger.
  23. absent: Describes a missing student under unknown circumstances with physical details but states no stated harm or danger.
  24. absent: Provides a missing student description under unknown circumstances but states no specific harm or danger to the community.
  25. absent: Provides a missing-person description under unknown circumstances but states no harm or danger.