Gunman killed three students at two campus buildings; five others critically injured

To check this alert, Claude (an AI) read it in full 25 separate times, independently. Each read decided whether the message answers each of the six questions and gave a short reason. A final reviewer then weighed all 25 and wrote the plain-English verdict you see when you open a row. The score (for example 22/25) is how many reads agreed; the 25 individual reads are tucked underneath if you want to check them.

• Sourcepresent25/25

  Final assessment

  All 25 reads agree the source is present; it opens with the branded MSU ALERT signature and names Police.

  Who is sending the alert and who is responding. People act faster on a message from a clearly identifiable, credible sender, such as a named department, the police, or a branded alert system, than on an anonymous notice. A branded signature counts.

  See all 25 individual reads

  1. present: It opens "MSU ALERT", a branded signature identifying the sender.
  2. present: It opens with "MSU ALERT", a branded sender signature.
  3. present: It opens with the branded signature "MSU ALERT".
  4. present: It opens "MSU ALERT", a branded signature, and names "Police".
  5. present: The branded "MSU ALERT" signature identifies the sender.
  6. present: It opens with the branded signature "MSU ALERT", identifying the sender.
  7. present: It opens with "MSU ALERT", a branded sender tag.
  8. present: It opens with the branded tag "MSU ALERT".
  9. present: The "MSU ALERT" branded signature identifies the sender.
  10. present: It opens with "MSU ALERT", a branded signature identifying the sender.
  11. present: It opens with the branded signature "MSU ALERT" and names "Police".
  12. present: The branded "MSU ALERT" tag and "Police" identify the sender.
  13. present: It opens with "MSU ALERT", a branded signature.
  14. present: It opens "MSU ALERT", a branded signature identifying the sender.
  15. present: It opens with the branded signature "MSU ALERT" and names "Police".
  16. present: It opens "MSU ALERT", a branded signature, and names "Police", identifying the sender.
  17. present: It opens with "MSU ALERT", a branded signature identifying the sender.
  18. present: It opens with the branded signature "MSU ALERT".
  19. present: It opens with the branded signature "MSU ALERT".
  20. present: It opens with the branded signature "MSU ALERT".
  21. present: It opens "MSU ALERT", a branded signature identifying the sender.
  22. present: Opens "MSU ALERT" branded signature; "Police are active on scene".
  23. present: Opens "MSU ALERT" identifying the sender.
  24. present: "MSU ALERT" is a branded alert signature identifying the sender.
  25. present: It opens with the branded signature "MSU ALERT".
• Hazardpresent25/25

  Final assessment

  Unanimous that a specific hazard is named, shots fired.

  What the threat actually is. A complete warning names the specific danger, such as a shooter, a fire, a tornado, or a gas leak, rather than a vague emergency, because people decide what to do based on what they are facing.

  See all 25 individual reads

  1. present: It names "shots fired", a specific hazard.
  2. present: It names "shots fired", a specific threat.
  3. present: It names "shots fired", a specific threat.
  4. present: It names "shots fired", a specific threat.
  5. present: It names "shots fired", a specific hazard.
  6. present: It names "shots fired", a specific threat.
  7. present: It names "shots fired", a specific threat.
  8. present: It names "shots fired", a specific threat.
  9. present: It names "shots fired", a specific threat.
  10. present: It names "shots fired", a specific threat.
  11. present: It names "shots fired", a specific threat.
  12. present: It names "shots fired", a specific hazard.
  13. present: It names "shots fired", a specific threat.
  14. present: It names "shots fired", a specific threat.
  15. present: It names "shots fired", a specific threat.
  16. present: It names "shots fired near Berkey Hall", a specific threat.
  17. present: It names "shots fired", a specific threat.
  18. present: It names "shots fired", a specific threat.
  19. present: It names "shots fired", a specific threat.
  20. present: It names "shots fired", a specific threat.
  21. present: It states "shots fired", a specific threat.
  22. present: Names "shots fired".
  23. present: Names "shots fired", a specific threat.
  24. present: It names "shots fired near Berkey Hall", a specific threat.
  25. present: It states "shots fired", a specific threat.
• Locationpresent25/25

  Final assessment

  Unanimous that a location is given, near Berkey Hall on the East Lansing campus.

  Where the threat is. Saying whether danger is in a specific building, a part of campus, or area-wide lets people judge their own proximity and choose a safe direction. Without a where, a warning is hard to act on precisely.

  See all 25 individual reads

  1. present: It locates it "near Berkey Hall on the East Lansing campus".
  2. present: It locates it "near Berkey Hall on the East Lansing campus".
  3. present: It says "near Berkey Hall on the East Lansing campus".
  4. present: It says "near Berkey Hall on the East Lansing campus".
  5. present: It locates it "near Berkey Hall on the East Lansing campus".
  6. present: It specifies "near Berkey Hall on the East Lansing campus", a location.
  7. present: It locates it "near Berkey Hall on the East Lansing campus", a specific place.
  8. present: It names "Berkey Hall on the East Lansing campus".
  9. present: It locates it "near Berkey Hall on the East Lansing campus".
  10. present: It locates it "near Berkey Hall on the East Lansing campus".
  11. present: It specifies "near Berkey Hall on the East Lansing campus".
  12. present: It names "near Berkey Hall on the East Lansing campus".
  13. present: It locates it "near Berkey Hall on the East Lansing campus".
  14. present: It names "near Berkey Hall on the East Lansing campus", a specific place.
  15. present: It locates it "near Berkey Hall on the East Lansing campus".
  16. present: It names "Berkey Hall on the East Lansing campus", a specific place.
  17. present: It says "near Berkey Hall on the East Lansing campus", a specific place.
  18. present: It locates it "near Berkey Hall on the East Lansing campus".
  19. present: It locates it "near Berkey Hall on the East Lansing campus".
  20. present: It locates it "near Berkey Hall on the East Lansing campus".
  21. present: It locates it "near Berkey Hall on the East Lansing campus".
  22. present: Gives "near Berkey Hall on the East Lansing campus".
  23. present: Locates it "near Berkey Hall on the East Lansing campus".
  24. present: It names "Berkey Hall on the East Lansing campus", a specific place.
  25. present: It locates it "near Berkey Hall on the East Lansing campus".
• Guidancepresent25/25

  Final assessment

  Unanimous that protective action is given, instructing recipients to secure-in-place immediately.

  The protective action to take. A clear, specific instruction, such as shelter in place, evacuate, avoid the area, or run-hide-fight, drives faster and more correct protective behavior than describing the threat alone.

  See all 25 individual reads

  1. present: It instructs "Please secure-in-place immediately".
  2. present: It instructs to "secure-in-place immediately".
  3. present: It instructs "secure-in-place immediately".
  4. present: It instructs "secure-in-place immediately".
  5. present: It instructs recipients to "secure-in-place immediately".
  6. present: It instructs recipients to "secure-in-place immediately", a protective action.
  7. present: It instructs recipients to "secure-in-place immediately", a protective action.
  8. present: It instructs "Please secure-in-place immediately".
  9. present: It instructs recipients to "secure-in-place immediately".
  10. present: It instructs recipients to "secure-in-place immediately".
  11. present: It instructs recipients to "secure-in-place immediately".
  12. present: It instructs recipients to "secure-in-place immediately".
  13. present: It instructs recipients to "secure-in-place immediately".
  14. present: It instructs "secure-in-place immediately", a protective action.
  15. present: It instructs recipients to "secure-in-place immediately".
  16. present: It instructs "secure-in-place immediately", a protective action.
  17. present: It instructs "Please secure-in-place immediately", protective action.
  18. present: It instructs "Please secure-in-place immediately".
  19. present: It instructs recipients to "secure-in-place immediately".
  20. present: It instructs "Please secure-in-place immediately".
  21. present: It instructs "secure-in-place immediately", a protective action.
  22. present: Instructs "secure-in-place immediately".
  23. present: Instructs "Please secure-in-place immediately".
  24. present: It instructs to "secure-in-place immediately", a protective action.
  25. present: It instructs recipients to "secure-in-place immediately".
• Timepresent25/25

  Final assessment

  Unanimous that a recency cue is present in the word immediately.

  When the message applies. A timestamp, the word now or immediately, or a phrase like until further notice tells the reader whether the danger is current and how quickly to act.

  See all 25 individual reads

  1. present: The word "immediately" conveys urgency and recency.
  2. present: The word "immediately" conveys immediacy.
  3. present: It says "immediately", a recency cue.
  4. present: It uses the recency cue "immediately".
  5. present: The word "immediately" conveys immediacy.
  6. present: It says "secure-in-place immediately", a recency cue.
  7. present: It conveys recency with "immediately" and "Police are active on scene".
  8. present: It uses "immediately" as a recency cue.
  9. present: It uses "immediately", a recency cue.
  10. present: It uses "immediately", a recency cue.
  11. present: It conveys immediacy with "secure-in-place immediately".
  12. present: It says "immediately", an immediacy cue.
  13. present: It says "secure-in-place immediately", a recency cue.
  14. present: It says "immediately", a recency cue.
  15. present: It uses "immediately", a recency and urgency cue.
  16. present: It says "immediately" and police "are active on scene", recency cues.
  17. present: It says "secure-in-place immediately", a recency cue.
  18. present: It uses the recency word "immediately".
  19. present: The word "immediately" conveys recency.
  20. present: It uses "immediately", a recency cue.
  21. present: It uses "immediately", a recency cue.
  22. present: Says "immediately", an immediacy cue.
  23. present: Says "immediately", a recency cue.
  24. present: The word "immediately" conveys immediacy, a recency cue.
  25. present: It conveys recency with "immediately".
• Impactabsent0/25

  Final assessment

  Absent unanimously (25 of 25): reports shots fired and directs securing in place but states no injury, danger, or potential consequence beyond naming the hazard.

  What the hazard could do to the people in its path. Beyond naming the threat, a complete warning conveys its potential consequences or severity, such as that a tornado can level buildings or that a leak could be explosive, so recipients grasp how much danger they are in. Research on warning message content finds that a concrete impact statement helps people personalize their risk and act sooner.

  See all 25 individual reads

  1. absent: Reports shots fired and orders secure in place but states no specific harm or danger to people.
  2. absent: It reports shots fired and orders secure in place but states no injury or potential harm beyond the hazard name.
  3. absent: Reports shots fired near a hall and orders to secure in place but states no specific harm or severity.
  4. absent: Reports shots fired and directs sheltering in place but states no explicit harm or injury.
  5. absent: It reports shots fired and directs secure-in-place but states no harm or potential consequence.
  6. absent: Reports shots fired near a hall and orders secure in place but states no injury, danger, or potential harm.
  7. absent: Reports shots fired and instructs to secure in place without stating any specific harm beyond naming the threat.
  8. absent: Reports shots fired and to secure in place but states no harm or specific danger described.
  9. absent: Reports shots fired and orders secure in place but states no specific harm or injury.
  10. absent: Reports shots fired and orders secure in place but states no injury or what the hazard could do.
  11. absent: Reports shots fired near a hall and orders secure-in-place but states no specific harm or consequence.
  12. absent: Reports shots fired with secure-in-place guidance but states no specific harm or injury.
  13. absent: Reports shots fired and orders secure-in-place but states no explicit harm or consequence.
  14. absent: Reports shots fired and to secure in place but states no injury or specific harm.
  15. absent: Reports shots fired and orders secure-in-place but states no harm, injury, or potential consequence.
  16. absent: Reports shots fired near a hall and to secure in place but states no explicit harm or injury.
  17. absent: It reports shots fired and orders secure in place but states no specific harm or danger.
  18. absent: Reports shots fired and orders secure in place but states no specific injury, harm, or severity.
  19. absent: Reports shots fired and tells people to secure in place but states no specific harm or injury.
  20. absent: Reports shots fired and orders secure in place but states no explicit injury or consequence.
  21. absent: It reports shots fired and orders secure-in-place but states no specific harm or injury.
  22. absent: Reports shots fired and orders secure-in-place but states no specific harm or injury consequence.
  23. absent: Reports shots fired and orders secure-in-place but states no harm or how serious the danger is.
  24. absent: Reports shots fired near a building and orders secure-in-place but states no specific harm or stated danger.
  25. absent: Reports shots fired and orders secure-in-place but states no injuries or harm consequences.