Anonymous tip of online shooting threats locks down two campuses; suspect detained

To check this alert, Claude (an AI) read it in full 25 separate times, independently. Each read decided whether the message answers each of the six questions and gave a short reason. A final reviewer then weighed all 25 and wrote the plain-English verdict you see when you open a row. The score (for example 22/25) is how many reads agreed; the 25 individual reads are tucked underneath if you want to check them.

• Sourcepresent24/25

  Final assessment

  Nearly all reads find the source present via the institution name msubillings.edu and the emergency notification label, with one dissent calling it only a link.

  Who is sending the alert and who is responding. People act faster on a message from a clearly identifiable, credible sender, such as a named department, the police, or a branded alert system, than on an anonymous notice. A branded signature counts.

  See all 25 individual reads

  1. present: Branded "EMERGENCY NOTIFICATION" plus references to msubillings.edu identify the sender.
  2. present: It names "msubillings.edu" and the email, identifying the university sender.
  3. present: Names institution via "Visit msubillings.edu" and labels itself an "EMERGENCY NOTIFICATION".
  4. present: The signature "EMERGENCY NOTIFICATION" plus reference to "msubillings.edu" identifies MSU Billings as sender.
  5. present: References "msubillings.edu" and "EMERGENCY NOTIFICATION", identifying the institution as sender.
  6. present: It opens with "EMERGENCY NOTIFICATION" and references msubillings.edu, identifying the university sender.
  7. present: The "EMERGENCY NOTIFICATION" tag and reference to "msubillings.edu" identify the institutional sender.
  8. present: Begins "EMERGENCY NOTIFICATION" and directs to "msubillings.edu", identifying the institution.
  9. present: References "msubillings.edu" and is labeled "EMERGENCY NOTIFICATION", identifying the institution.
  10. present: It names "msubillings.edu" and is an official "EMERGENCY NOTIFICATION" from the institution.
  11. present: The "EMERGENCY NOTIFICATION" plus reference to msubillings.edu identifies the institutional sender.
  12. present: Branded signature "EMERGENCY NOTIFICATION" plus reference to "msubillings.edu" identifies the institution.
  13. absent: No sender tag, agency, or university name appears; "msubillings.edu" is a link, not a clear sender identity.
  14. present: The "EMERGENCY NOTIFICATION" tag and references to "msubillings.edu" identify the institutional sender.
  15. present: The "EMERGENCY NOTIFICATION" plus reference to "msubillings.edu" identifies the institutional sender.
  16. present: Labeled "EMERGENCY NOTIFICATION" and refers to "msubillings.edu", identifying the institution as sender.
  17. present: The "EMERGENCY NOTIFICATION" with reference to "msubillings.edu" identifies the institutional sender.
  18. present: It identifies the sender via "Visit msubillings.edu" and the "EMERGENCY NOTIFICATION" header naming the institution.
  19. present: It identifies itself as an "EMERGENCY NOTIFICATION" referencing msubillings.edu, the university sender.
  20. present: It is an "EMERGENCY NOTIFICATION" referencing "msubillings.edu", identifying the institution as sender.
  21. present: Begins "EMERGENCY NOTIFICATION" and points to "msubillings.edu", identifying the university sender.
  22. present: Opens with "EMERGENCY NOTIFICATION" and references "msubillings.edu", identifying the institution.
  23. present: It is signed "EMERGENCY NOTIFICATION" and refers people to "msubillings.edu", identifying the sender.
  24. present: It names itself as an "EMERGENCY NOTIFICATION" and references "msubillings.edu".
  25. present: It names "EMERGENCY NOTIFICATION" from the institution and references "msubillings.edu".
• Hazardabsent0/25

  Final assessment

  Unanimous that the hazard is absent; the alert says only that a threat has been made without naming a specific hazard.

  What the threat actually is. A complete warning names the specific danger, such as a shooter, a fire, a tornado, or a gas leak, rather than a vague emergency, because people decide what to do based on what they are facing.

  See all 25 individual reads

  1. absent: Says only "A threat has been made", which is generic and names no specific hazard.
  2. absent: It says only "A threat has been made", naming no specific hazard.
  3. absent: Says "A threat has been made" without naming the specific hazard.
  4. absent: It states only "A threat has been made", not naming a specific hazard.
  5. absent: Says "A threat has been made", which is generic and does not name a specific hazard.
  6. absent: It says "A threat has been made" but names no specific hazard, only a generic threat.
  7. absent: It says only "A threat has been made", with no specific hazard type named.
  8. absent: Says only "A threat has been made", a generic statement that does not name a specific hazard.
  9. absent: Says "A threat has been made" generically without naming a specific hazard.
  10. absent: It says only "A threat has been made", with no specific hazard named.
  11. absent: It says only "A threat has been made", without naming a specific hazard.
  12. absent: Says only "A threat has been made" without naming a specific hazard.
  13. absent: Says "A threat has been made" but names no specific hazard.
  14. absent: It states only that "A threat has been made", naming no specific hazard.
  15. absent: It cites "A threat has been made" but does not name the specific hazard.
  16. absent: Says only "A threat has been made" without naming a specific hazard.
  17. absent: It says "A threat has been made" without naming a specific hazard.
  18. absent: It states only "A threat has been made that may impact your safety" without naming a specific hazard.
  19. absent: It says "A threat has been made" but does not name the specific hazard.
  20. absent: It says only "A threat has been made" without naming any specific hazard.
  21. absent: Says "A threat has been made" generically without naming a specific hazard.
  22. absent: Says only "A threat has been made", a generic term that does not name the hazard.
  23. absent: It cites "A threat has been made" but does not specify the nature of the hazard.
  24. absent: It says only "A threat has been made", without naming a specific hazard.
  25. absent: It cites only "A threat has been made", which does not name a specific hazard.
• Locationabsent0/25

  Final assessment

  All 25 reads agree location is absent; no specific building, street, or campus place is stated.

  Where the threat is. Saying whether danger is in a specific building, a part of campus, or area-wide lets people judge their own proximity and choose a safe direction. Without a where, a warning is hard to act on precisely.

  See all 25 individual reads

  1. absent: No specific building, street, or campus location is stated.
  2. absent: No building, area, or "campus" location is stated in the text.
  3. absent: No building, street, named place, or "campus" location is given.
  4. absent: No building, street, area, or campus location is named in the text.
  5. absent: No building, street, area, or campus location is stated in the text.
  6. absent: The text names no building, area, or campus location.
  7. absent: No building, street, area, or campus location is named in the text.
  8. absent: No building, street, area, or "campus" location is stated; "your safety" is not a place.
  9. absent: No building, street, or campus area is named.
  10. absent: It states no building, street, or campus location.
  11. absent: No building, street, area, or campus location is stated in the text.
  12. absent: No building, street, or place is named, only "your safety".
  13. absent: No building, street, or campus location is stated in the text.
  14. absent: It gives no building, street, or area, only generic "your safety".
  15. absent: No building, street, area, or "campus" location is named for the threat.
  16. absent: No specific building, street, or campus location is named.
  17. absent: It names no building, street, area, or "campus" location.
  18. absent: No building, street, or place is named, only a generic reference to your safety.
  19. absent: No building, street, or campus area is named in the text.
  20. absent: It gives no building, area, or campus location for the threat.
  21. absent: No building, street, area, or "campus" location is specified.
  22. absent: The text gives no building, area, or place.
  23. absent: No building, street, or campus location is named in the text.
  24. absent: No building, area, or campus location is stated in the text.
  25. absent: No building, street, area, or campus location is named in the text.
• Guidancepresent25/25

  Final assessment

  Unanimous that guidance is present; recipients are told to shelter in place under a lockdown.

  The protective action to take. A clear, specific instruction, such as shelter in place, evacuate, avoid the area, or run-hide-fight, drives faster and more correct protective behavior than describing the threat alone.

  See all 25 individual reads

  1. present: Instructs "Shelter in place" and that "A lock down is in place".
  2. present: It instructs recipients to "Shelter in place" with a lockdown in effect.
  3. present: Instructs recipients to "Shelter in place" and notes "A lock down is in place".
  4. present: It instructs "Shelter in place", a protective action.
  5. present: Instructs recipients to "Shelter in place" and notes "A lock down is in place".
  6. present: It instructs "Shelter in place" and check email for more info.
  7. present: It instructs "Shelter in place" and notes "A lock down is in place", protective actions.
  8. present: Instructs "Shelter in place" and "A lock down is in place", a protective action.
  9. present: Instructs "Shelter in place" and a "lock down is in place".
  10. present: It instructs "Shelter in place" and to "Visit msubillings.edu or check email".
  11. present: It instructs recipients to "Shelter in place" and that "A lock down is in place".
  12. present: Instructs recipients to "Shelter in place" and that "A lock down is in place".
  13. present: Instructs "Shelter in place" and "A lock down is in place", protective actions.
  14. present: It instructs recipients to "Shelter in place" with "A lock down is in place".
  15. present: It instructs "Shelter in place" and notes "A lock down is in place", protective actions.
  16. present: Instructs recipients to "Shelter in place" and "check email for more info".
  17. present: It instructs "Shelter in place" and a "lock down is in place".
  18. present: It instructs recipients to "Shelter in place" as "A lock down is in place".
  19. present: It instructs recipients to "Shelter in place" with "A lock down is in place".
  20. present: It instructs "Shelter in place", a protective action.
  21. present: Instructs recipients to "Shelter in place" and notes "A lock down is in place".
  22. present: Instructs recipients to "Shelter in place" and notes "A lock down is in place".
  23. present: It instructs "Shelter in place" and to check email or the website.
  24. present: It instructs recipients to "Shelter in place" and that "A lock down is in place".
  25. present: It instructs recipients to "Shelter in place" with a lockdown in place.
• Timeabsent2/25

  Final assessment

  Most reads find time absent with no clock time or date; two count updates as conditions warrant as a recency cue.

  When the message applies. A timestamp, the word now or immediately, or a phrase like until further notice tells the reader whether the danger is current and how quickly to act.

  See all 25 individual reads

  1. absent: No clock time, date, or recency cue appears in the text.
  2. absent: No clock time, date, or recency word appears.
  3. absent: No clock time, date, or recency cue such as "now" or "immediately" appears.
  4. absent: No clock time, date, or recency cue is present in the text.
  5. absent: No clock time, date, or recency cue such as "now" or "immediately" appears.
  6. absent: No clock time, date, or recency cue such as "now" or "immediately" appears.
  7. absent: No clock time, date, or recency cue such as "now" appears in the text.
  8. absent: No clock time, date, or recency word such as "now" appears in the text.
  9. absent: No clock time, date, or recency cue appears.
  10. absent: No clock time, date, or recency cue appears in the text.
  11. absent: No clock time, date, or recency cue appears in the text.
  12. absent: No clock time, date, or recency cue appears.
  13. absent: No clock time, date, or recency word appears in the text.
  14. absent: No clock time, date, or recency word appears in the text.
  15. absent: No clock time, date, or recency cue such as "now" appears in the text.
  16. present: Says "Updates will be provided as conditions warrant", a recency cue.
  17. absent: No clock time, date, or recency cue appears in the text.
  18. absent: No clock time, date, or recency cue appears in the text.
  19. absent: No clock time, date, or recency cue such as "now" or "immediately" appears.
  20. absent: No clock time, date, or recency cue such as "now" appears.
  21. absent: No clock time, date, or recency word like "now" appears in the text.
  22. absent: No clock time, date, or recency cue appears in the text.
  23. absent: No clock time, date, or recency cue appears in the text.
  24. absent: No clock time, date, or recency cue appears in the text.
  25. present: It says "THIS IS NOT A TEST" and updates will come "as conditions warrant", implying current event.
• Impactpresent25/25

  Final assessment

  Present by unanimous agreement; a threat stated to possibly impact safety conveys a potential danger to people.

  What the hazard could do to the people in its path. Beyond naming the threat, a complete warning conveys its potential consequences or severity, such as that a tornado can level buildings or that a leak could be explosive, so recipients grasp how much danger they are in. Research on warning message content finds that a concrete impact statement helps people personalize their risk and act sooner.

  See all 25 individual reads

  1. present: It states a threat has been made that may impact your safety, an explicit stated danger to people.
  2. present: States a threat has been made that may impact your safety, an explicit statement of potential harm.
  3. present: States a threat has been made that may impact your safety, an explicit statement of potential harm.
  4. present: States a threat has been made that may impact your safety during a lockdown, an explicit potential harm.
  5. present: It states a threat has been made that may impact your safety and orders lockdown, an explicit statement of danger.
  6. present: It states a threat has been made that may impact your safety, an explicit statement of potential harm.
  7. present: States a threat has been made that may impact your safety, an explicit statement of potential harm.
  8. present: States a threat has been made that may impact your safety, an explicit potential harm.
  9. present: States a threat has been made that may impact your safety, an explicit stated danger to people.
  10. present: The text states a threat has been made that may impact your safety, an explicit statement of danger.
  11. present: It states a threat has been made that may impact your safety, an explicit potential harm.
  12. present: States a threat has been made that may impact your safety, an explicit statement of potential harm.
  13. present: It states a threat has been made that may impact your safety, an explicit danger statement.
  14. present: States a threat has been made that may impact your safety, an explicit statement of potential harm.
  15. present: It states a threat has been made that may impact your safety, an explicit statement of potential harm.
  16. present: States a threat has been made that may impact your safety, an explicit statement of potential harm.
  17. present: States a threat has been made that may impact your safety, an explicit stated danger.
  18. present: It states a threat has been made that may impact your safety, an explicit stated danger.
  19. present: It states a threat has been made that may impact your safety, an explicit statement of potential harm.
  20. present: States a threat has been made that may impact your safety, an explicit potential harm.
  21. present: It states a threat has been made that may impact your safety, an explicit statement of danger.
  22. present: It states a threat has been made that may impact your safety, an explicit statement of potential harm.
  23. present: States a threat has been made that may impact your safety, an explicit statement of potential harm.
  24. present: States a threat has been made that may impact your safety, an explicit potential harm.
  25. present: States a threat has been made that may impact your safety, an explicit stated danger.