Lightning emptied the stadium mid-game; play resumed after nearly a two-hour delay

To check this alert, Claude (an AI) read it in full 25 separate times, independently. Each read decided whether the message answers each of the six questions and gave a short reason. A final reviewer then weighed all 25 and wrote the plain-English verdict you see when you open a row. The score (for example 22/25) is how many reads agreed; the 25 individual reads are tucked underneath if you want to check them.

• Sourceabsent0/25

  Final assessment

  Unanimous: no sender tag, agency, or university self-identification appears in the text.

  Who is sending the alert and who is responding. People act faster on a message from a clearly identifiable, credible sender, such as a named department, the police, or a branded alert system, than on an anonymous notice. A branded signature counts.

  See all 25 individual reads

  1. absent: No sender tag, agency, or university self-identification appears in the text.
  2. absent: No sender, agency, or branded signature appears in the text.
  3. absent: No sender name, branded signature, or responding authority is identified.
  4. absent: No sender, agency, or branded signature is named in the text.
  5. absent: No sender tag, university name, or agency identifies who issued this; "Notre Dame Stadium" is named only as the place.
  6. absent: No sender tag, agency, or university name appears in the text itself.
  7. absent: No sender tag, agency, or university self-identification appears in the text.
  8. absent: No sender tag or named authority appears in this text.
  9. absent: No sender tag, university name, or agency is identified in the text.
  10. absent: No sender tag or issuing authority is named in the text.
  11. absent: No sender tag or self-naming authority identifies who is sending this stadium message.
  12. absent: No sender tag or issuing authority is named in the text.
  13. absent: No sender, alert brand, or responding authority is named in the text.
  14. absent: No sender tag or named issuing authority appears in the text.
  15. absent: No sender tag, university name, or agency is identified in the text.
  16. absent: No sender name or branded signature appears in the text.
  17. absent: No sender, branded tag, or authority identifies itself in the text.
  18. absent: No branded signature, agency, or university self-naming appears in the text.
  19. absent: No sender, agency, or branded signature appears in the text.
  20. absent: No sender brand, university, or agency name appears; the issuer is not identified.
  21. absent: No sender tag or authority identifies itself in the text.
  22. absent: No sender tag, university name, or agency is identified in the message text.
  23. absent: No branded tag, agency, or university self-naming appears in the text.
  24. absent: No sender tag or named authority appears in the text.
  25. absent: No sender tag, institution name, or agency identifies who issued this message.
• Hazardpresent25/25

  Final assessment

  All reads agree: the alert names a specific weather threat, lightning.

  What the threat actually is. A complete warning names the specific danger, such as a shooter, a fire, a tornado, or a gas leak, rather than a vague emergency, because people decide what to do based on what they are facing.

  See all 25 individual reads

  1. present: It names "Lightning", a specific weather threat.
  2. present: It names "Lightning", a specific hazard.
  3. present: It states "Lightning has been detected", a specific weather hazard.
  4. present: It names "Lightning has been detected", a specific hazard.
  5. present: It names "Lightning" as the specific hazard.
  6. present: It names "Lightning", a specific weather hazard.
  7. present: Names "Lightning", a specific weather hazard.
  8. present: It names "Lightning" detected near the stadium, a specific weather hazard.
  9. present: Names "Lightning has been detected", a specific weather hazard.
  10. present: It names "Lightning" detected near the stadium, a specific hazard.
  11. present: Names "Lightning has been detected", a specific weather hazard.
  12. present: It names "Lightning", a specific weather hazard.
  13. present: It names the threat specifically: "Lightning has been detected".
  14. present: Names the hazard specifically as "Lightning" detected near the stadium.
  15. present: Names "Lightning" near the stadium, a specific weather hazard.
  16. present: Names "Lightning", a specific weather hazard.
  17. present: Names "Lightning" as the specific hazard.
  18. present: It states "Lightning has been detected", a specific hazard.
  19. present: It names "Lightning", a specific hazard.
  20. present: It names "Lightning", a specific weather hazard.
  21. present: Names "Lightning", a specific hazard.
  22. present: It names "Lightning has been detected", a specific weather hazard.
  23. present: It names "Lightning", a specific weather hazard.
  24. present: Names "Lightning", a specific weather hazard.
  25. present: It states "Lightning has been detected", a specific hazard.
• Locationpresent25/25

  Final assessment

  Unanimous: specific places are given, Notre Dame Stadium, the stadium concourse, and a nearby campus building.

  Where the threat is. Saying whether danger is in a specific building, a part of campus, or area-wide lets people judge their own proximity and choose a safe direction. Without a where, a warning is hard to act on precisely.

  See all 25 individual reads

  1. present: It names "Notre Dame Stadium", "the stadium concourse", and "a nearby campus building", specific places.
  2. present: It names "Notre Dame Stadium" and "the stadium concourse", specific places.
  3. present: It names "Notre Dame Stadium" and "the stadium concourse", specific locations.
  4. present: It names "Notre Dame Stadium" and "stadium concourse or a nearby campus building", specific places.
  5. present: It names "Notre Dame Stadium" and "the stadium concourse", specific places.
  6. present: It names "Notre Dame Stadium" and "stadium concourse or a nearby campus building", specific places.
  7. present: Names "Notre Dame Stadium" and "the stadium concourse", specific places.
  8. present: It names "Notre Dame Stadium", "the stands", and "the stadium concourse", specific places.
  9. present: Names "Notre Dame Stadium", "the stands", and "the stadium concourse", specific places.
  10. present: It names "Notre Dame Stadium" and "the stadium concourse", specific places.
  11. present: Says "in the vicinity of Notre Dame Stadium", a specific place.
  12. present: It names "Notre Dame Stadium" and "the stadium concourse", specific places.
  13. present: It names "Notre Dame Stadium" and "the stadium concourse", specific places.
  14. present: Specifies "Notre Dame Stadium", "the stadium concourse", and "a nearby campus building".
  15. present: Names "Notre Dame Stadium" and the "stadium concourse", specific locations.
  16. present: Says lightning is "in the vicinity of Notre Dame Stadium", a specific place.
  17. present: Says lightning is "in the vicinity of Notre Dame Stadium", a named place.
  18. present: It names "Notre Dame Stadium" and the "stadium concourse", specific places.
  19. present: It names "Notre Dame Stadium" and the "stadium concourse", specific places.
  20. present: It names "Notre Dame Stadium" and "the stadium concourse", specific places.
  21. present: Names "Notre Dame Stadium", "the stands", and "concourse", specific places.
  22. present: It names "Notre Dame Stadium", "the stadium concourse", and "a nearby campus building", specific places.
  23. present: It names "Notre Dame Stadium" and "the stadium concourse", specific places.
  24. present: Names "Notre Dame Stadium" and "the stadium concourse", specific locations.
  25. present: It names "Notre Dame Stadium" and the "concourse", specific places.
• Guidancepresent25/25

  Final assessment

  All reads agree the alert instructs recipients to exit the stands and seek shelter immediately, protective actions.

  The protective action to take. A clear, specific instruction, such as shelter in place, evacuate, avoid the area, or run-hide-fight, drives faster and more correct protective behavior than describing the threat alone.

  See all 25 individual reads

  1. present: It instructs recipients to "exit the stands and seek shelter immediately", protective actions.
  2. present: It instructs "exit the stands and seek shelter immediately".
  3. present: It instructs recipients to "exit the stands and seek shelter immediately".
  4. present: It instructs "exit the stands and seek shelter immediately", protective actions.
  5. present: It instructs recipients to "exit the stands and seek shelter immediately".
  6. present: It instructs recipients to "exit the stands and seek shelter immediately", protective actions.
  7. present: Instructs recipients to "exit the stands and seek shelter immediately", a protective action.
  8. present: It tells recipients to "exit the stands and seek shelter immediately", protective actions.
  9. present: Instructs "exit the stands and seek shelter immediately", protective actions.
  10. present: It instructs recipients to "exit the stands and seek shelter immediately", a protective action.
  11. present: Instructs recipients to "exit the stands and seek shelter immediately", a protective action.
  12. present: It instructs recipients to "exit the stands and seek shelter immediately".
  13. present: It instructs recipients to "exit the stands and seek shelter immediately", protective actions.
  14. present: Instructs recipients to "exit the stands and seek shelter immediately", a protective action.
  15. present: Instructs recipients to "exit the stands and seek shelter immediately", protective actions.
  16. present: Instructs recipients to "exit the stands and seek shelter immediately", a protective action.
  17. present: Instructs recipients to "exit the stands and seek shelter immediately".
  18. present: It instructs people to "exit the stands and seek shelter immediately", protective actions.
  19. present: It instructs recipients to "exit the stands and seek shelter immediately", a protective action.
  20. present: It instructs recipients to "exit the stands and seek shelter immediately".
  21. present: Instructs recipients to "exit the stands and seek shelter immediately".
  22. present: It instructs recipients to "exit the stands and seek shelter immediately", a protective action.
  23. present: It instructs "exit the stands and seek shelter immediately", protective actions.
  24. present: Instructs recipients to "exit the stands and seek shelter immediately", a protective action.
  25. present: It instructs recipients to "exit the stands and seek shelter immediately", a protective action.
• Timepresent25/25

  Final assessment

  Unanimous: the word immediately supplies a recency cue.

  When the message applies. A timestamp, the word now or immediately, or a phrase like until further notice tells the reader whether the danger is current and how quickly to act.

  See all 25 individual reads

  1. present: It says to seek shelter "immediately", a recency cue.
  2. present: "immediately" conveys recency and urgency.
  3. present: The word "immediately" conveys urgency and recency.
  4. present: It says "immediately", a recency cue.
  5. present: It uses the recency cue "immediately".
  6. present: It says "immediately", conveying urgency and recency.
  7. present: Says to seek shelter "immediately", a recency and urgency cue.
  8. present: It says to seek shelter "immediately", a recency cue.
  9. present: Says "immediately", conveying urgency and recency.
  10. present: It says "immediately", a recency cue.
  11. present: Says "immediately" and "has been detected", conveying recency.
  12. present: It says "seek shelter immediately", a recency cue.
  13. present: It says "immediately", a recency cue.
  14. present: Says to seek shelter "immediately", a recency cue.
  15. present: Says "immediately", conveying urgency and recency.
  16. present: Uses "immediately", a recency cue.
  17. present: Says to seek shelter "immediately", a recency cue.
  18. present: It says "immediately", a recency cue.
  19. present: It says to seek shelter "immediately", a recency cue.
  20. present: It says seek shelter "immediately", a recency cue.
  21. present: Says to seek shelter "immediately", a recency cue.
  22. present: It says "has been detected" and "immediately", conveying recency and urgency.
  23. present: It says "immediately", a recency cue.
  24. present: Says to seek shelter "immediately", a recency cue.
  25. present: It says "seek shelter immediately", a recency cue.
• Impactpresent24/25

  Final assessment

  Present, with strong agreement (24 of 25). Lightning detected with an order to seek shelter immediately conveys the danger of a deadly weather hazard; the lone dissent held it only named the hazard without stating harm.

  What the hazard could do to the people in its path. Beyond naming the threat, a complete warning conveys its potential consequences or severity, such as that a tornado can level buildings or that a leak could be explosive, so recipients grasp how much danger they are in. Research on warning message content finds that a concrete impact statement helps people personalize their risk and act sooner.

  See all 25 individual reads

  1. present: Lightning detected with an order to seek shelter immediately conveys an explicit safety danger.
  2. present: Reports lightning detected and orders people to exit stands and seek shelter, conveying a hazard that endangers people.
  3. present: States lightning has been detected and tells people to seek shelter immediately, a recognized life-threatening hazard.
  4. present: Lightning detected with directions to seek shelter immediately conveys a danger from lightning.
  5. present: It reports lightning detected and directs people to seek shelter immediately, conveying the danger posed by lightning.
  6. present: It reports detected lightning and orders people to exit the stands and seek shelter immediately, implying the danger of a lightning strike.
  7. present: Warns lightning is detected and orders people to exit and seek shelter immediately, implying danger from lightning.
  8. present: Lightning detected with urgent instruction to seek shelter immediately implies danger from strikes.
  9. present: Warns lightning has been detected and orders people to seek shelter immediately for safety, conveying a danger to people.
  10. present: Lightning detected with a seek-shelter-immediately order conveys the danger of a potentially deadly natural hazard.
  11. present: It warns lightning is in the vicinity and tells people to seek shelter immediately, conveying a strike danger.
  12. present: Warns lightning has been detected and to seek shelter immediately, conveying a life-threatening weather hazard.
  13. absent: Lightning with seek-shelter-immediately guidance names the hazard but states no explicit harm or consequence.
  14. present: Reports lightning detected and directs people to seek shelter immediately, an implied danger from lightning.
  15. present: It warns lightning was detected and urges immediate shelter, conveying a life-threatening weather hazard.
  16. present: States lightning detected and urges seeking shelter immediately, conveying a dangerous weather hazard.
  17. present: States lightning detected and to seek shelter immediately, pairing the hazard with an urgent stated danger.
  18. present: It reports lightning detected and orders people to seek shelter immediately, conveying a dangerous condition.
  19. present: Lightning detected with seek-shelter-immediately conveys the danger of the weather hazard to people.
  20. present: Warns lightning is detected and to seek shelter immediately, conveying a dangerous weather hazard.
  21. present: It reports lightning detected and orders people to seek shelter immediately, conveying a danger from the lightning.
  22. present: It orders people to exit the stands and seek shelter immediately from detected lightning, a recognized deadly hazard.
  23. present: Warns lightning was detected and tells people to seek shelter immediately, conveying a danger from the lightning.
  24. present: Reports lightning near the stadium and orders people to seek shelter immediately, an explicit danger.
  25. present: Reports lightning detected and directs people to seek shelter immediately, pairing the hazard with an implied strike danger.