All campuses closed ahead of Tropical Storm Hilary; reopened the next day

To check this alert, Claude (an AI) read it in full 25 separate times, independently. Each read decided whether the message answers each of the six questions and gave a short reason. A final reviewer then weighed all 25 and wrote the plain-English verdict you see when you open a row. The score (for example 22/25) is how many reads agreed; the 25 individual reads are tucked underneath if you want to check them.

• Sourceabsent11/25

  Final assessment

  Narrowly split: a majority found no sender tag or branded signature, so the source is coded absent, though several reads counted the college naming itself.

  Who is sending the alert and who is responding. People act faster on a message from a clearly identifiable, credible sender, such as a named department, the police, or a branded alert system, than on an anonymous notice. A branded signature counts.

  See all 25 individual reads

  1. absent: No sender, agency, or branded signature identifies who closed the college.
  2. absent: No sender, brand, or agency identifies who issued this closure notice.
  3. present: It names "Pasadena City College" as the institution closing itself.
  4. absent: No sender tag, college, or agency identifies who issues the closure notice.
  5. present: "Pasadena City College" naming itself identifies the sender.
  6. present: It names "Pasadena City College" closing its campuses, identifying the issuing institution.
  7. absent: No branded signature, sender tag, or named authority identifies who is sending the message.
  8. present: It names "Pasadena City College" closing itself, identifying the sender.
  9. present: "Pasadena City College" names itself as the issuing institution.
  10. absent: No sender, branded signature, or named authority appears in the text.
  11. absent: No sender, agency, or branded signature identifies who is issuing this closure notice.
  12. present: The college issuing authority is implied but no sender, branded tag, or agency is named in the text.
  13. absent: No sender, university name, or agency is identified in the message.
  14. present: It names "Pasadena City College" closing its campuses, identifying the issuer.
  15. present: It names "Pasadena City College" as the institution closing.
  16. present: It names "Pasadena City College" closing its campuses, identifying the issuer.
  17. absent: No branded signature, agency, or institution names itself as sender of the message.
  18. absent: No sender, signature, or issuing authority is named in the text.
  19. absent: No sender, branded tag, or named authority identifies who issued the closure notice.
  20. absent: No sender, university, or agency is named in the text.
  21. absent: No sender name, authority, or branded signature appears in the message.
  22. present: Names "Pasadena City College" identifying the issuing institution.
  23. present: Names "Pasadena City College" as the institution issuing the closure.
  24. absent: No sender tag, agency, or branded signature appears in the closure message.
  25. absent: No sender, university, or agency is identified in the text.
• Hazardabsent1/25

  Final assessment

  Strong consensus: it announces a closure out of an abundance of caution but names no specific hazard such as a storm.

  What the threat actually is. A complete warning names the specific danger, such as a shooter, a fire, a tornado, or a gas leak, rather than a vague emergency, because people decide what to do based on what they are facing.

  See all 25 individual reads

  1. absent: No specific hazard is named; only "an abundance of caution" prompts closure.
  2. absent: No specific hazard is named, only "an abundance of caution" with no threat stated.
  3. absent: No specific threat is named; it cites only "an abundance of caution" without a hazard.
  4. absent: It states a closure "out of an abundance of caution" but names no specific hazard.
  5. absent: No specific hazard is named, only that campuses are "closed" out of "caution" with no threat stated.
  6. absent: It cites only "an abundance of caution" and a closure, naming no specific hazard.
  7. absent: It cites only "an abundance of caution" with no specific hazard named for the closure.
  8. absent: It states closure but names no specific hazard, only "an abundance of caution".
  9. absent: No specific hazard is named; only closure for unstated "abundance of caution".
  10. absent: It says only "an abundance of caution", naming no specific hazard.
  11. absent: It cites only "an abundance of caution" without naming a specific hazard like a storm.
  12. absent: No specific hazard is named; closure is "out of an abundance of caution".
  13. absent: It names only a closure for caution, naming no specific hazard or threat.
  14. absent: It says "out of an abundance of caution" but never names a specific threat.
  15. absent: It announces a closure but never names the specific hazard causing it.
  16. absent: It states a closure but names no specific hazard, only "an abundance of caution".
  17. absent: It names no specific hazard, only that campuses will be "closed Monday" out of caution.
  18. present: It names a closure and cancellations, but the only hazard implied is unstated; "out of an abundance of caution" names no specific threat.
  19. absent: It says only closed "out of an abundance of caution" without naming any specific hazard.
  20. absent: It says "all college events" closed but names no specific hazard, only "abundance of caution".
  21. absent: It says "out of an abundance of caution" but names no specific hazard, only a closure.
  22. absent: Says only "abundance of caution" closure; no specific hazard such as a storm is named in the text.
  23. absent: No specific hazard is named, only an "abundance of caution" closure.
  24. absent: No specific hazard is named; only a closure "out of an abundance of caution" with no threat stated.
  25. absent: It cites a "public safety threat" only, naming no specific hazard.
• Locationpresent25/25

  Final assessment

  Unanimous: it names all Pasadena City College campuses, a stated location.

  Where the threat is. Saying whether danger is in a specific building, a part of campus, or area-wide lets people judge their own proximity and choose a safe direction. Without a where, a warning is hard to act on precisely.

  See all 25 individual reads

  1. present: It names "all Pasadena City College campuses".
  2. present: It names "all Pasadena City College campuses".
  3. present: It says "all Pasadena City College campuses", a place.
  4. present: It says "all Pasadena City College campuses".
  5. present: It names "all Pasadena City College campuses".
  6. present: It references "all Pasadena City College campuses", specific locations.
  7. present: It names "all Pasadena City College campuses", a specific place.
  8. present: It names "all Pasadena City College campuses".
  9. present: It names "all Pasadena City College campuses".
  10. present: It names "all Pasadena City College campuses".
  11. present: It names "all Pasadena City College campuses and student services".
  12. present: It names "all Pasadena City College campuses".
  13. present: It names "all Pasadena City College campuses", specific places.
  14. present: It refers to "all Pasadena City College campuses", a location.
  15. present: It says "all Pasadena City College campuses".
  16. present: It names "all Pasadena City College campuses", specific places.
  17. present: It names "Pasadena City College campuses", a specific place.
  18. present: It names "all Pasadena City College campuses".
  19. present: It names "Pasadena City College campuses" as the location.
  20. present: It names "all Pasadena City College campuses".
  21. present: It names "Pasadena City College campuses", a specific place.
  22. present: Names "all Pasadena City College campuses".
  23. present: Locates it at "all Pasadena City College campuses".
  24. present: It names "all Pasadena City College campuses" and "PCC campuses", specific places.
  25. present: It names "the Liston campus" as the place.
• Guidanceabsent1/25

  Final assessment

  Strong consensus: it announces a closure but gives recipients no protective action, so guidance is absent.

  The protective action to take. A clear, specific instruction, such as shelter in place, evacuate, avoid the area, or run-hide-fight, drives faster and more correct protective behavior than describing the threat alone.

  See all 25 individual reads

  1. absent: It announces a closure but gives recipients no protective action to take.
  2. absent: It announces closure but gives recipients no protective action instruction.
  3. absent: It announces closure but gives recipients no protective action to take.
  4. absent: No protective action is directed at recipients, only operational closure information.
  5. absent: It announces closures but gives recipients no protective action to take.
  6. absent: It announces a closure but gives recipients no protective action to take.
  7. absent: It announces a closure but gives recipients no protective action to take.
  8. absent: It announces closures but gives recipients no protective action to take.
  9. absent: It announces a closure but gives recipients no protective action to take.
  10. absent: It announces closures but gives recipients no protective action instruction.
  11. absent: It announces closures but gives recipients no protective action to take.
  12. absent: No protective action is directed to recipients; it only states closures and cancellations.
  13. absent: It announces closures but gives recipients no protective action to take.
  14. absent: It announces closure but gives no protective-action instruction to recipients.
  15. absent: It states the closure but gives recipients no protective action to take.
  16. absent: It announces a closure but gives recipients no protective action to take.
  17. absent: It states a closure but gives no protective action instruction to recipients.
  18. absent: It announces closures but gives recipients no protective action to take.
  19. absent: It announces closures but gives recipients no protective action to take.
  20. absent: It announces closures but gives recipients no protective action to take.
  21. absent: It announces closures but gives recipients no protective action to take.
  22. absent: States the college will be closed but gives no protective action to recipients.
  23. absent: No protective action is given to recipients, only an operational closure announcement.
  24. absent: It announces a closure but gives recipients no protective action instruction.
  25. present: It states "We are evacuating", which is action, but gives recipients no instruction; absent.
• Timepresent24/25

  Final assessment

  Strong consensus: it gives dates, closed Monday, August 21 and reopening Tuesday, August 22, so timing is present.

  When the message applies. A timestamp, the word now or immediately, or a phrase like until further notice tells the reader whether the danger is current and how quickly to act.

  See all 25 individual reads

  1. present: It specifies closure "Monday, August 21" and reopening "Tuesday, August 22".
  2. present: It gives the date "closed Monday, August 21".
  3. present: It gives dates, "closed Monday, August 21".
  4. present: It gives the date "Monday, August 21".
  5. present: It gives dates, "closed Monday, August 21" and reopen "Tuesday, August 22".
  6. present: It gives dates "Monday, August 21" and "Tuesday, August 22", specific timing.
  7. present: It gives dates: "closed Monday, August 21" and reopen "Tuesday, August 22".
  8. present: It gives dates, "closed Monday, August 21" and reopen "Tuesday, August 22".
  9. present: It gives dates, "closed Monday, August 21" and reopen "Tuesday, August 22".
  10. present: It gives dates, "closed Monday, August 21" and reopen "Tuesday, August 22".
  11. present: It gives dates, "Monday, August 21" and reopening "Tuesday, August 22".
  12. present: It gives dates, "closed Monday, August 21" and reopening "Tuesday, August 22".
  13. present: It gives dates, "closed Monday, August 21" and reopen "Tuesday, August 22".
  14. present: It gives dates "Monday, August 21" and "Tuesday, August 22".
  15. present: It gives dates, "closed Monday, August 21" and reopen "Tuesday, August 22".
  16. present: It gives dates "closed Monday, August 21" and "reopen ... Tuesday, August 22".
  17. present: It gives dates "closed Monday, August 21" and reopening "Tuesday, August 22".
  18. present: It gives dates like "closed Monday, August 21".
  19. present: It gives dates, "Monday, August 21" and reopening "Tuesday, August 22".
  20. present: It gives dates "closed Monday, August 21" and reopening "Tuesday, August 22".
  21. present: It gives dates, "closed Monday, August 21" and "reopen Tuesday, August 22".
  22. present: Gives dates "Monday, August 21" and "Tuesday, August 22".
  23. present: Gives dates, "closed Monday, August 21" and reopening "Tuesday, August 22".
  24. present: It gives dates "Monday, August 21" and "Tuesday, August 22", specific times.
  25. absent: No clock time, date, or recency cue appears.
• Impactabsent0/25

  Final assessment

  Absent by unanimous agreement. The notice announces a precautionary tropical-storm campus closure done out of an abundance of caution but states no specific harm or danger.

  What the hazard could do to the people in its path. Beyond naming the threat, a complete warning conveys its potential consequences or severity, such as that a tornado can level buildings or that a leak could be explosive, so recipients grasp how much danger they are in. Research on warning message content finds that a concrete impact statement helps people personalize their risk and act sooner.

  See all 25 individual reads

  1. absent: A storm-related campus closure framed as abundance of caution states no specific consequence or harm.
  2. absent: Announces a tropical storm closure out of caution with no stated harm or danger to people.
  3. absent: Announces a closure out of caution for a tropical storm but states no harm, severity, or danger explicitly.
  4. absent: A weather closure out of an abundance of caution with no stated danger or consequence.
  5. absent: A tropical-storm closure notice cancels events out of caution but states no specific harm or danger.
  6. absent: It announces a campus closure out of an abundance of caution without stating any hazard or its potential harm.
  7. absent: Announces a closure out of caution for a tropical storm but states no danger or potential harm.
  8. absent: A tropical storm closure out of caution with no stated hazard or potential consequence.
  9. absent: Announces precautionary campus closures for a tropical storm with no stated danger or harm consequence.
  10. absent: A campus closure for a storm out of an abundance of caution states no specific danger or consequence.
  11. absent: It announces a campus closure out of an abundance of caution for a storm with no stated harm or severity.
  12. absent: Announces campus closure out of caution but states no specific harm or danger from the storm.
  13. absent: A tropical-storm closure done out of abundance of caution states no danger or consequence.
  14. absent: Announces a precautionary campus closure for a storm but states no stated harm or danger.
  15. absent: It announces a closure out of abundance of caution for a storm but states no harm or how dangerous it is.
  16. absent: A tropical-storm abundance-of-caution closure with no stated danger or potential harm.
  17. absent: Announces a campus closure out of an abundance of caution for a storm with no stated danger or consequence.
  18. absent: It announces a closure for a tropical storm out of caution but states no specific harm or danger.
  19. absent: A precautionary campus closure for a tropical storm states no specific harm or danger in this text.
  20. absent: Announces a precautionary storm closure of campuses with no stated danger or consequence.
  21. absent: It announces a campus closure out of caution for a storm but states no danger or potential harm.
  22. absent: A tropical storm closure out of caution cancels events but states no danger or potential harm from the storm.
  23. absent: Announces a closure out of caution for a tropical storm but states no harm or potential consequence.
  24. absent: Announces precautionary campus closure for a tropical storm with no stated harm or hazard severity.
  25. absent: Announces an abundance-of-caution storm closure with no stated harm or consequence.