Tornado warning issued as a storm capable of producing a tornado passed nearby

To check this alert, Claude (an AI) read it in full 25 separate times, independently. Each read decided whether the message answers each of the six questions and gave a short reason. A final reviewer then weighed all 25 and wrote the plain-English verdict you see when you open a row. The score (for example 22/25) is how many reads agreed; the 25 individual reads are tucked underneath if you want to check them.

• Sourceabsent2/25

  Final assessment

  Majority finds no sender named; only a couple of reads infer a weather authority from the storm detection, which is not an explicit sender tag.

  Who is sending the alert and who is responding. People act faster on a message from a clearly identifiable, credible sender, such as a named department, the police, or a branded alert system, than on an anonymous notice. A branded signature counts.

  See all 25 individual reads

  1. absent: No sender tag, agency, or issuing authority is named in the text.
  2. absent: No sender, agency, or branded signature appears in the text.
  3. absent: No sender name, branded signature, or responding authority is identified.
  4. absent: No sender, agency, or branded signature is named in the text.
  5. absent: No sender tag, university name, or agency identifies who issued this; the National Weather Service is not named here.
  6. present: It refers to a "severe thunderstorm" detection consistent with a weather authority issuing the alert.
  7. absent: No sender tag, agency, or university self-identification appears in the text.
  8. absent: No sender tag or named authority appears in this text.
  9. absent: No sender tag, university name, or agency is identified in the text.
  10. absent: No sender tag or issuing authority is named in this excerpt.
  11. absent: No sender tag or self-naming authority; the National Weather Service is not explicitly named here.
  12. absent: No sender tag or issuing authority is named in the text.
  13. absent: No sender, alert brand, or responding authority is named in the text.
  14. absent: No sender tag or named issuing authority appears in the message text.
  15. absent: No sender tag, university name, or agency such as NWS is identified in the text.
  16. absent: No sender name, branded signature, or named agency appears in the text.
  17. absent: No sender, branded tag, or authority identifies itself in the text.
  18. present: It references the storm being "located", consistent with a weather authority, but no sender is explicitly named so coded absent.
  19. absent: No sender, agency, or branded signature appears in the text.
  20. absent: No sender brand, university, or agency name identifies who issued the message.
  21. absent: No sender tag or authority identifies itself in the text.
  22. absent: No sender tag, university name, or agency is identified in the message text.
  23. absent: No sender tag, agency, or university self-naming appears in the text.
  24. absent: No sender tag or named authority appears in the text.
  25. absent: No sender tag, institution name, or agency identifies who issued this message.
• Hazardpresent25/25

  Final assessment

  Unanimous that a specific weather threat is named, "A severe thunderstorm capable of producing a tornado".

  What the threat actually is. A complete warning names the specific danger, such as a shooter, a fire, a tornado, or a gas leak, rather than a vague emergency, because people decide what to do based on what they are facing.

  See all 25 individual reads

  1. present: It names "A severe thunderstorm capable of producing a tornado", a specific weather threat.
  2. present: It names "a severe thunderstorm capable of producing a tornado", a specific hazard.
  3. present: It reports "A severe thunderstorm capable of producing a tornado", a specific hazard.
  4. present: It names "A severe thunderstorm capable of producing a tornado", a specific hazard.
  5. present: It names "A severe thunderstorm capable of producing a tornado", a specific hazard.
  6. present: It names "A severe thunderstorm capable of producing a tornado", a specific weather hazard.
  7. present: Names "A severe thunderstorm capable of producing a tornado", specific weather hazards.
  8. present: It names "A severe thunderstorm capable of producing a tornado", a specific weather hazard.
  9. present: Names "A severe thunderstorm capable of producing a tornado", a specific weather hazard.
  10. present: It names "a severe thunderstorm capable of producing a tornado", a specific hazard.
  11. present: Names a "severe thunderstorm capable of producing a tornado", a specific hazard.
  12. present: It names "a severe thunderstorm capable of producing a tornado", a specific hazard.
  13. present: It names the threat specifically: "A severe thunderstorm capable of producing a tornado".
  14. present: Names the hazard specifically as "A severe thunderstorm capable of producing a tornado".
  15. present: Names "A severe thunderstorm capable of producing a tornado", a specific hazard.
  16. present: Names "a severe thunderstorm capable of producing a tornado", a specific weather hazard.
  17. present: Names "a severe thunderstorm capable of producing a tornado", a specific hazard.
  18. present: It names "a severe thunderstorm capable of producing a tornado", a specific hazard.
  19. present: It names a "severe thunderstorm capable of producing a tornado", a specific hazard.
  20. present: It names "a tornado" and "severe thunderstorm", specific weather hazards.
  21. present: Names "a severe thunderstorm capable of producing a tornado", a specific hazard.
  22. present: It names "A severe thunderstorm capable of producing a tornado", a specific hazard.
  23. present: It names "a severe thunderstorm capable of producing a tornado", a specific weather hazard.
  24. present: Names "a severe thunderstorm capable of producing a tornado", a specific hazard.
  25. present: It reports "A severe thunderstorm capable of producing a tornado", a specific hazard.
• Locationpresent25/25

  Final assessment

  All reads agree a specific place is named, the storm "over Boalsburg".

  Where the threat is. Saying whether danger is in a specific building, a part of campus, or area-wide lets people judge their own proximity and choose a safe direction. Without a where, a warning is hard to act on precisely.

  See all 25 individual reads

  1. present: It says the storm was "over Boalsburg", a specific location.
  2. present: It names "Boalsburg", a specific place.
  3. present: It says the storm was "over Boalsburg", a specific place.
  4. present: It names "over Boalsburg", a specific place.
  5. present: It names "Boalsburg" as the storm's location.
  6. present: It names "over Boalsburg", a specific place.
  7. present: Says it was "located over Boalsburg", a specific place.
  8. present: It names "over Boalsburg", a specific place.
  9. present: Says "located over Boalsburg", a specific place.
  10. present: It names "Boalsburg", a specific place.
  11. present: Says it was "located over Boalsburg", a specific place.
  12. present: It says the storm was "over Boalsburg", a specific place.
  13. present: It names "over Boalsburg", a specific place.
  14. present: Specifies it was "located over Boalsburg", a named place.
  15. present: Names "Boalsburg", a specific place the storm was located over.
  16. present: Says the storm "was located over Boalsburg", a specific place.
  17. present: Says it was "located over Boalsburg", a named place.
  18. present: It names "over Boalsburg", a specific location.
  19. present: It says "over Boalsburg", a specific location.
  20. present: It says the storm was "over Boalsburg", a specific place.
  21. present: Names "over Boalsburg", a specific place.
  22. present: It says the storm "was located over Boalsburg", a specific place.
  23. present: It says "over Boalsburg", a specific place.
  24. present: Names "over Boalsburg", a specific location.
  25. present: It names "Boalsburg" as the storm location.
• Guidanceabsent0/25

  Final assessment

  Unanimous that no protective action is given; it only describes the storm location and movement.

  The protective action to take. A clear, specific instruction, such as shelter in place, evacuate, avoid the area, or run-hide-fight, drives faster and more correct protective behavior than describing the threat alone.

  See all 25 individual reads

  1. absent: It describes the storm but gives recipients no protective action to take.
  2. absent: It describes the storm location and movement but gives recipients no protective action.
  3. absent: It describes the storm's movement but gives recipients no protective instruction.
  4. absent: It describes the storm's movement but gives recipients no protective instruction.
  5. absent: It describes the storm but gives recipients no protective action.
  6. absent: It describes the storm but gives recipients no protective action to take.
  7. absent: Describes the storm's path but gives recipients no protective action instruction.
  8. absent: It describes the storm but gives recipients no protective action to take.
  9. absent: It describes the storm location and movement but gives no protective action.
  10. absent: It describes the storm location and movement but gives recipients no protective instruction.
  11. absent: It describes the storm location and movement but gives recipients no protective instruction.
  12. absent: It gives no protective action to recipients, only describes the storm.
  13. absent: It describes the storm but gives recipients no protective action.
  14. absent: It describes the storm location and movement but gives recipients no protective action.
  15. absent: Describes the storm's movement but gives recipients no protective action.
  16. absent: The text describes the storm but gives recipients no protective instruction.
  17. absent: No protective action is directed at recipients; it only describes the storm location and motion.
  18. absent: It describes the storm but gives recipients no protective action.
  19. absent: No protective action is instructed; it only describes the storm location and movement.
  20. absent: It describes the storm location and movement but gives recipients no protective action.
  21. absent: No protective action instructed to recipients; only describes the storm's movement.
  22. absent: It describes the storm's movement but gives recipients no protective action instruction.
  23. absent: No protective action instruction is given to recipients in this excerpt.
  24. absent: Describes the storm location and movement; gives recipients no protective instruction.
  25. absent: It describes the storm but gives recipients no protective instruction in this text.
• Timeabsent6/25

  Final assessment

  Majority finds no clock time, date, or recency cue; a minority counts the present-tense "was located ... moving northeast" as recency.

  When the message applies. A timestamp, the word now or immediately, or a phrase like until further notice tells the reader whether the danger is current and how quickly to act.

  See all 25 individual reads

  1. absent: No clock time, date, or recency cue such as "now" appears.
  2. absent: No clock time, date, or recency cue appears.
  3. absent: No clock time, date, or recency cue such as "now" or "immediately" appears.
  4. absent: No clock time, date, or recency cue appears in the text.
  5. present: It uses present-tense recency "was located over Boalsburg, moving northeast".
  6. absent: No clock time, date, or recency cue such as "now" or "immediately" appears.
  7. absent: No clock time, date, or recency cue appears in the text.
  8. present: It says the storm was "located over Boalsburg, moving northeast", a present-tense recency cue.
  9. absent: No clock time, date, or recency cue such as "now" or "immediately" appears.
  10. present: It says the storm "was located" and "moving northeast at 30 mph", conveying a current/recent state.
  11. present: Says "was located" and "moving northeast", with implied present tense conveying recency.
  12. absent: No clock time, date, or recency cue appears in this excerpt.
  13. absent: No clock time, date, or recency word appears; "moving northeast" describes motion, not time.
  14. absent: No clock time, date, or recency cue such as now or immediately appears in the text.
  15. absent: No clock time, date, or recency cue such as "now" or "immediately" appears.
  16. absent: No clock time, date, or recency word appears, only the storm's motion.
  17. present: Says the storm "was located" and "moving northeast", implying current observation.
  18. absent: No clock time, date, or recency cue appears in the text.
  19. absent: No clock time, date, or recency word appears in the text.
  20. absent: No clock time, date, or recency word appears in the message.
  21. absent: No clock time, date, or recency cue appears.
  22. absent: No clock time, date, or recency cue such as "now" or "immediately" appears.
  23. absent: No clock time, date, or recency cue appears; movement speed is not a time.
  24. absent: No clock time, date, or recency cue appears in the text.
  25. present: It says the storm "was located over Boalsburg, moving northeast", indicating a current situation.
• Impactpresent25/25

  Final assessment

  Present by unanimous agreement. The alert reports a severe thunderstorm capable of producing a tornado, conveying the potential for a destructive weather hazard.

  What the hazard could do to the people in its path. Beyond naming the threat, a complete warning conveys its potential consequences or severity, such as that a tornado can level buildings or that a leak could be explosive, so recipients grasp how much danger they are in. Research on warning message content finds that a concrete impact statement helps people personalize their risk and act sooner.

  See all 25 individual reads

  1. present: A severe thunderstorm capable of producing a tornado conveys an explicit destructive danger potential.
  2. present: Warns of a severe thunderstorm capable of producing a tornado, conveying a destructive and dangerous hazard.
  3. present: States a severe thunderstorm capable of producing a tornado, conveying a destructive potential consequence.
  4. present: Reports a thunderstorm capable of producing a tornado, conveying potential destructive weather danger.
  5. present: It reports a severe thunderstorm capable of producing a tornado, conveying a potentially destructive hazard.
  6. present: It reports a severe thunderstorm capable of producing a tornado, conveying the potential for tornado damage.
  7. present: Warns a severe thunderstorm capable of producing a tornado is present, conveying destructive weather danger.
  8. present: States a storm capable of producing a tornado, conveying the dangerous potential of the weather.
  9. present: Reports a severe thunderstorm capable of producing a tornado, conveying a destructive hazard.
  10. present: A severe thunderstorm capable of producing a tornado conveys the potential of a destructive and dangerous hazard.
  11. present: It warns a severe thunderstorm capable of producing a tornado was located nearby, conveying a destructive danger.
  12. present: Warns a severe thunderstorm capable of producing a tornado, conveying a clearly dangerous and destructive hazard.
  13. present: A severe thunderstorm capable of producing a tornado conveys a destructive potential hazard.
  14. present: States a severe thunderstorm capable of producing a tornado, conveying potential destructive harm.
  15. present: It warns of a severe thunderstorm capable of producing a tornado, a destructive weather hazard.
  16. present: States a severe thunderstorm capable of producing a tornado, conveying a destructive weather hazard.
  17. present: States a severe thunderstorm capable of producing a tornado, conveying a potentially destructive hazard.
  18. present: It reports a severe thunderstorm capable of producing a tornado, a clearly stated destructive potential.
  19. present: A severe thunderstorm capable of producing a tornado conveys the destructive potential of the weather.
  20. present: Warns a severe thunderstorm capable of producing a tornado, conveying a destructive weather threat.
  21. present: It reports a severe thunderstorm capable of producing a tornado, conveying the destructive potential of the hazard.
  22. present: It reports a severe thunderstorm capable of producing a tornado, conveying a potentially destructive hazard.
  23. present: Warns of a severe thunderstorm capable of producing a tornado, a clearly stated destructive hazard.
  24. present: Reports a severe thunderstorm capable of producing a tornado, an explicitly destructive hazard.
  25. present: Warns a severe thunderstorm capable of producing a tornado was located nearby, a stated destructive hazard.