Knife held to a person's throat during an altercation at a store adjacent to campus

To check this alert, Claude (an AI) read it in full 25 separate times, independently. Each read decided whether the message answers each of the six questions and gave a short reason. A final reviewer then weighed all 25 and wrote the plain-English verdict you see when you open a row. The score (for example 22/25) is how many reads agreed; the 25 individual reads are tucked underneath if you want to check them.

• Sourcepresent25/25

  Final assessment

  All 25 reads agree the source is present; the Ann Arbor Police Department and Division of Public Safety and Security are named.

  Who is sending the alert and who is responding. People act faster on a message from a clearly identifiable, credible sender, such as a named department, the police, or a branded alert system, than on an anonymous notice. A branded signature counts.

  See all 25 individual reads

  1. present: Names "Ann Arbor Police Department" and "Division of Public Safety & Security".
  2. present: It names "The Ann Arbor Police Department" and "Division of Public Safety & Security".
  3. present: Names "The Ann Arbor Police Department" and "Division of Public Safety & Security".
  4. present: It names "Ann Arbor Police Department" and "Division of Public Safety & Security", responding authorities.
  5. present: Names "Ann Arbor Police Department" and "Division of Public Safety & Security".
  6. present: It names "The Ann Arbor Police Department" and "Division of Public Safety & Security".
  7. present: It names "The Ann Arbor Police Department" and "Division of Public Safety & Security", authorities.
  8. present: Names "Ann Arbor Police Department" and "Division of Public Safety & Security" as authorities.
  9. present: Names "Ann Arbor Police Department" and "Division of Public Safety & Security".
  10. present: It names "The Ann Arbor Police Department" and "Division of Public Safety & Security".
  11. present: It names "The Ann Arbor Police Department" and "Division of Public Safety & Security".
  12. present: Names "The Ann Arbor Police Department" and "Division of Public Safety & Security".
  13. present: Names "Ann Arbor Police Department" and "Division of Public Safety & Security", the authorities.
  14. present: It names the "Ann Arbor Police Department" and "Division of Public Safety & Security".
  15. present: It names "The Ann Arbor Police Department" and "Division of Public Safety & Security".
  16. present: Names "The Ann Arbor Police Department" and "Division of Public Safety & Security".
  17. present: It names the "Ann Arbor Police Department" and "Division of Public Safety & Security".
  18. present: It names "The Ann Arbor Police Department" and "the Division of Public Safety & Security".
  19. present: It names the "Ann Arbor Police Department" and the "Division of Public Safety & Security".
  20. present: It names the "Ann Arbor Police Department" and "Division of Public Safety & Security", the authorities.
  21. present: Names the "Ann Arbor Police Department" and "Division of Public Safety & Security".
  22. present: Names "The Ann Arbor Police Department" and "the Division of Public Safety & Security".
  23. present: It names "The Ann Arbor Police Department" and "Division of Public Safety & Security".
  24. present: It names "Ann Arbor Police Department" and "Division of Public Safety & Security".
  25. present: It names "Ann Arbor Police Department" and "Division of Public Safety & Security".
• Hazardpresent25/25

  Final assessment

  Unanimous that the hazard is present; a felonious assault involving a pocket knife is named.

  What the threat actually is. A complete warning names the specific danger, such as a shooter, a fire, a tornado, or a gas leak, rather than a vague emergency, because people decide what to do based on what they are facing.

  See all 25 individual reads

  1. present: States "Incident: Felonious Assault" with a pocket knife, a specific hazard.
  2. present: It names "Felonious Assault" with a suspect who "brandished a folded pocket knife", a specific threat.
  3. present: Names "Felonious Assault" involving a "folded pocket knife", a specific crime.
  4. present: It names "Felonious Assault" with a pocket knife, a specific threat.
  5. present: States "Felonious Assault" with a "folded pocket knife", a specific threat.
  6. present: It names "Felonious Assault" with a "folded pocket knife", a specific threat.
  7. present: It states "Incident: Felonious Assault" with a "folded pocket knife", a specific threat.
  8. present: States the incident is "Felonious Assault" with a suspect who "brandished a folded pocket knife".
  9. present: States "Felonious Assault" with a "folded pocket knife", a specific threat.
  10. present: It names a "Felonious Assault" with a "folded pocket knife", a specific threat.
  11. present: It states "Felonious Assault" with a "folded pocket knife", a specific threat.
  12. present: States "Incident: Felonious Assault" with a "folded pocket knife".
  13. present: States "Felonious Assault" with a "folded pocket knife", a specific threat.
  14. present: It states "Felonious Assault" with a "folded pocket knife", a specific hazard.
  15. present: It names a "Felonious Assault" with a "pocket knife" placed against a throat, a specific threat.
  16. present: Names "Felonious Assault" with a suspect who "brandished a folded pocket knife".
  17. present: It names "Felonious Assault" with a "folded pocket knife", a specific threat.
  18. present: It names "Felonious Assault" with "a folded pocket knife", a specific threat.
  19. present: It states "Incident: Felonious Assault" involving a pocket knife, a specific threat.
  20. present: It states "Incident: Felonious Assault" with a pocket knife, a specific named threat.
  21. present: States "Felonious Assault" with a "pocket knife", a specific threat.
  22. present: Names "Felonious Assault" with "a folded pocket knife" placed against the throat.
  23. present: It names "Felonious Assault" with a "pocket knife", a specific threat.
  24. present: It names "Felonious Assault" with a suspect who "brandished a folded pocket knife".
  25. present: It names "Felonious Assault" where the suspect "brandished a folded pocket knife".
• Locationpresent25/25

  Final assessment

  All 25 reads agree a location is given, Target at 231 S. State Street in Ann Arbor.

  Where the threat is. Saying whether danger is in a specific building, a part of campus, or area-wide lets people judge their own proximity and choose a safe direction. Without a where, a warning is hard to act on precisely.

  See all 25 individual reads

  1. present: Locates it at "Target, 231 S. State Street, Ann Arbor".
  2. present: It gives "Target, 231 S. State Street, Ann Arbor", a specific address.
  3. present: Specifies "Target, 231 S. State Street, Ann Arbor", an address.
  4. present: It cites "Target, 231 S. State Street, Ann Arbor", a specific location.
  5. present: Says "Target, 231 S. State Street, Ann Arbor", a precise location.
  6. present: It says "Target, 231 S. State Street, Ann Arbor", a specific location.
  7. present: It gives "Target, 231 S. State Street, Ann Arbor", a specific address.
  8. present: Gives "Target, 231 S. State Street, Ann Arbor", a specific location.
  9. present: Locates it at "Target, 231 S. State Street, Ann Arbor".
  10. present: It cites "Target, 231 S. State Street, Ann Arbor", a specific location.
  11. present: It gives "Target, 231 S. State Street, Ann Arbor".
  12. present: Gives location "Target, 231 S. State Street, Ann Arbor".
  13. present: Says "Target, 231 S. State Street, Ann Arbor", a specific location.
  14. present: It gives the location "Target, 231 S. State Street, Ann Arbor".
  15. present: It gives "Target, 231 S. State Street, Ann Arbor", a specific address.
  16. present: Locates it at "Target, 231 S. State Street, Ann Arbor".
  17. present: It gives "Target, 231 S. State Street, Ann Arbor", a specific location.
  18. present: It gives the location "Target, 231 S. State Street, Ann Arbor".
  19. present: It gives "Target, 231 S. State Street, Ann Arbor", a specific address.
  20. present: It gives "Target, 231 S. State Street, Ann Arbor", a specific address.
  21. present: Gives "Target, 231 S. State Street, Ann Arbor", a specific location.
  22. present: Specifies "Target, 231 S. State Street, Ann Arbor".
  23. present: It locates it at "Target, 231 S. State Street, Ann Arbor".
  24. present: It gives "Target, 231 S. State Street, Ann Arbor", a specific location.
  25. present: It locates it at "Target, 231 S. State Street, Ann Arbor".
• Guidanceabsent3/25

  Final assessment

  Most reads find guidance absent, as the alert only asks for tips; a few count contacting the tip line as a directed action.

  The protective action to take. A clear, specific instruction, such as shelter in place, evacuate, avoid the area, or run-hide-fight, drives faster and more correct protective behavior than describing the threat alone.

  See all 25 individual reads

  1. absent: Asks only for information tips, not protective action for recipients.
  2. absent: It only narrates the incident and asks for tips, giving recipients no protective action.
  3. absent: Asks for tips but gives recipients no protective action to take.
  4. absent: The text gives only contact-if-information lines, not a protective action against the threat.
  5. present: Instructs recipients to "contact the AAPD tip line" with information.
  6. absent: The text gives investigation contact info but no protective action instruction to recipients.
  7. absent: It offers contact tip lines but no protective action instruction to recipients.
  8. absent: The message describes the incident and asks for tips but gives no protective action to recipients.
  9. absent: Gives only a tip line to call, no protective action to recipients.
  10. present: It instructs "If you have any information, please contact the AAPD tip line".
  11. absent: It gives only tip-line contact numbers, no protective action to recipients.
  12. absent: Asks only for tips with information; no protective action is instructed.
  13. absent: Only asks for tips; no protective action is directed to recipients about their safety.
  14. absent: It only asks recipients to call with information; it gives no protective action against the threat.
  15. absent: It only narrates the incident and gives tip lines, with no protective action for recipients.
  16. absent: Provides only a tip line contact, no protective action instructed to recipients.
  17. absent: It asks only for tips/information; no protective action is directed to recipients.
  18. absent: It only narrates the incident and gives a tip line, providing no protective action to recipients.
  19. present: It asks anyone with information to "contact the AAPD tip line", a directed action.
  20. absent: It offers contact tip lines but no protective action instruction to recipients.
  21. absent: The message describes the incident and gives a tip line, but asks no protective action of recipients.
  22. absent: The text describes the incident and suspect, giving no protective action to recipients.
  23. absent: It gives only contact tip lines, no protective action instruction to recipients.
  24. absent: It gives only tip-line contacts, no protective action directed at recipients.
  25. absent: It gives only a tip line to call with information, not a protective action.
• Timepresent25/25

  Final assessment

  All 25 reads agree time is present; the alert gives April 1, 2024 at approximately 8:40 p.m.

  When the message applies. A timestamp, the word now or immediately, or a phrase like until further notice tells the reader whether the danger is current and how quickly to act.

  See all 25 individual reads

  1. present: Gives "April 1, 2024, at approximately 8:40 p.m.".
  2. present: It gives "April 1, 2024, at approximately 8:40 p.m.", a clock time and date.
  3. present: Gives "April 1, 2024, at approximately 8:40 p.m.", a date and clock time.
  4. present: It states "Date/Time of Incident: April 1, 2024, at approximately 8:40 p.m.".
  5. present: Gives "Date/Time of Incident: April 1, 2024, at approximately 8:40 p.m."
  6. present: It gives "April 1, 2024, at approximately 8:40 p.m.".
  7. present: It gives "April 1, 2024, at approximately 8:40 p.m.", a clock time and date.
  8. present: Gives "Date/Time of Incident: April 1, 2024, at approximately 8:40 p.m."
  9. present: Gives "Date/Time of Incident: April 1, 2024, at approximately 8:40 p.m.".
  10. present: It gives "April 1, 2024, at approximately 8:40 p.m." as the incident time.
  11. present: It gives "April 1, 2024, at approximately 8:40 p.m."
  12. present: Gives "Date/Time of Incident: April 1, 2024, at approximately 8:40 p.m."
  13. present: Gives "Date/Time of Incident: April 1, 2024, at approximately 8:40 p.m."
  14. present: It provides "April 1, 2024, at approximately 8:40 p.m.".
  15. present: It states "April 1, 2024, at approximately 8:40 p.m.", a clock time and date.
  16. present: Gives "Date/Time of Incident: April 1, 2024, at approximately 8:40 p.m."
  17. present: It gives "April 1, 2024, at approximately 8:40 p.m.", a specific date and time.
  18. present: It gives a date and clock time, "April 1, 2024, at approximately 8:40 p.m.".
  19. present: It gives "Date/Time of Incident: April 1, 2024, at approximately 8:40 p.m.".
  20. present: It states "April 1, 2024, at approximately 8:40 p.m.", a clock time and date.
  21. present: Provides "Date/Time of Incident: April 1, 2024, at approximately 8:40 p.m.".
  22. present: Gives "Date/Time of Incident: April 1, 2024, at approximately 8:40 p.m."
  23. present: It cites "April 1, 2024, at approximately 8:40 p.m.".
  24. present: It gives "April 1, 2024, at approximately 8:40 p.m.".
  25. present: It gives "Date/Time of Incident: April 1, 2024, at approximately 8:40 p.m.".
• Impactpresent25/25

  Final assessment

  Present by unanimous 25-0 read; the felonious assault alert conveys a threat of violent harm to people beyond naming the incident.

  What the hazard could do to the people in its path. Beyond naming the threat, a complete warning conveys its potential consequences or severity, such as that a tornado can level buildings or that a leak could be explosive, so recipients grasp how much danger they are in. Research on warning message content finds that a concrete impact statement helps people personalize their risk and act sooner.

  See all 25 individual reads

  1. present: Describes a felonious assault in which a suspect held a knife to a victim's throat, conveying clear danger and harm.
  2. present: Reports a felonious assault in which the suspect placed a knife blade against the victim's throat, conveying threat to life.
  3. present: Describes a felonious assault where the suspect placed a knife against the victim's throat, conveying a serious threat of harm.
  4. present: It reports a suspect brandished a pocket knife and placed it against the victim's throat, an explicit threatening harm.
  5. present: It reports a suspect placed a knife against the victim's throat, a clear life-threatening assault.
  6. present: Reports a suspect held a folded pocket knife against the victim's throat, a stated weapon-based threat of harm.
  7. present: It describes a felonious assault where a suspect placed a knife against the victim's throat which conveys a deadly threat.
  8. present: Reports a felonious assault where a suspect placed a knife against the victim's throat, conveying a stated danger.
  9. present: Reports a felonious assault in which a suspect held a knife against the victim's throat, an explicit threat of harm.
  10. present: The crime alert describes a felonious assault in which a suspect placed a knife against the victim's throat, conveying a clear threat of serious harm.
  11. present: Describes a felonious assault where the suspect placed a knife blade against the victim's throat, conveying lethal threat and harm.
  12. present: The alert describes a felonious assault in which a suspect placed a knife against the victim's throat, a stated threat of harm.
  13. present: The alert reports a felonious assault in which a suspect brandished a knife and placed it against the victim's throat, conveying a weapon threat and harm.
  14. present: Reports a felonious assault where a suspect held a knife against the victim's throat, conveying serious danger.
  15. present: Describes a suspect placing a knife against the victim's throat during a felonious assault, a clear threat of harm.
  16. present: The crime alert describes a suspect who placed a knife against the victim's throat, an explicit weapon threat conveying danger of harm.
  17. present: It reports a felonious assault where a suspect placed a knife against the victim's throat, a stated weapon threat to a victim.
  18. present: The alert describes a felonious assault where a suspect placed a knife against the victim's throat, conveying a clear threat of serious harm.
  19. present: It reports a felonious assault in which a suspect placed a pocket knife against the victim's throat, a stated violent threat with a weapon.
  20. present: Reports a felonious assault in which a suspect placed a folded knife against the victim's throat, a clear violent threat.
  21. present: Describes a suspect placing a knife against a victim's throat which conveys a clear violent threat of harm.
  22. present: Describes a felonious assault where a suspect placed a knife against the victim's throat, conveying clear danger of serious harm.
  23. present: Reports a felonious assault in which a suspect held a knife against a victim's throat, a stated violent threat.
  24. present: The crime alert describes a felonious assault where a suspect placed a knife against the victim's throat, conveying a clear threat of serious harm.
  25. present: Reports a suspect brandished a pocket knife and placed it against the victim's throat, conveying a clear threat of harm.