Gunfire investigation near MU campus area

To check this alert, Claude Opus 5.5 (an AI) read it in full 25 separate times, independently. Each read decided whether the message answers each of the six questions and gave a short reason. A final reviewer then weighed all 25 and wrote the plain-English verdict you see when you open a row. The score (for example 22/25) is how many reads agreed; the 25 individual reads are tucked underneath if you want to check them.

• Sourcepresent25/25

  Final assessment

  All 25 reads agree it names 'Columbia Police' and 'University of Missouri Police' as the authorities.

  Who is sending the alert and who is responding. People act faster on a message from a clearly identifiable, credible sender, such as a named department, the police, or a branded alert system, than on an anonymous notice. A branded signature counts.

  See all 25 individual reads

  1. present: It names 'Columbia Police' and 'University of Missouri Police' as the authorities.
  2. present: It names "Columbia Police" and "University of Missouri Police", identifying the authorities.
  3. present: It names Columbia Police and University of Missouri Police (MUPD).
  4. present: It names 'Columbia Police' and 'University of Missouri Police' as the authorities.
  5. present: It names 'Columbia Police' and 'University of Missouri Police' as the authorities investigating and reporting the incident.
  6. present: It names 'University of Missouri Police' and 'Columbia Police' as the authorities.
  7. present: It names 'University of Missouri Police' and 'Columbia Police' as the agencies involved.
  8. present: It names Columbia Police and "University of Missouri Police" as the agencies handling the report.
  9. present: It names 'Columbia Police' and 'University of Missouri Police' as investigating agencies.
  10. present: It names 'University of Missouri Police' and 'Columbia Police' as the agencies.
  11. present: It names 'Columbia Police' and 'University of Missouri Police' as the reporting and investigating agencies.
  12. present: It names 'University of Missouri Police' and 'Columbia Police' as the agencies receiving and investigating the report.
  13. present: It names 'Columbia Police' and 'University of Missouri Police' as the investigating agencies.
  14. present: It names Columbia Police and 'University of Missouri Police' as investigators.
  15. present: It names Columbia Police and University of Missouri Police (MUPD).
  16. present: It cites 'University of Missouri Police' and 'Columbia Police' as the agencies involved.
  17. present: It names Columbia Police and 'University of Missouri Police' (MUPD).
  18. present: It names the "University of Missouri Police" and "Columbia Police" as the agencies handling the gunfire report.
  19. present: It names 'Columbia Police' and 'University of Missouri Police' as the agencies investigating the gunfire report.
  20. present: It names 'Columbia Police' and 'University of Missouri Police' as the agencies handling the incident.
  21. present: It names 'Columbia Police' and 'University of Missouri Police', the responding agencies.
  22. present: It names 'Columbia Police' and 'University of Missouri Police' as the agencies responding to the incident.
  23. present: It names 'University of Missouri Police' and 'Columbia Police' as the agencies handling the report.
  24. present: It names "Columbia Police" and "University of Missouri Police" as the agencies handling the report.
  25. present: It names 'Columbia Police' and 'University of Missouri Police' as the responding agencies.
• Hazardpresent25/25

  Final assessment

  Unanimous: it describes 'an individual firing a gun into the air', a specific threat.

  What the threat actually is. A complete warning names the specific danger, such as a shooter, a fire, a tornado, or a gas leak, rather than a vague emergency, because people decide what to do based on what they are facing.

  See all 25 individual reads

  1. present: It describes 'an individual firing a gun into the air', a specific threat.
  2. present: It names "an individual firing a gun into the air", a specific threat.
  3. present: It names 'an individual firing a gun into the air'.
  4. present: It reports 'an individual firing a gun into the air', a specific threat.
  5. present: It reports 'an individual firing a gun into the air' after a fight, which names a specific armed threat.
  6. present: It reports 'an individual firing a gun into the air' after a fight at Campus Bar and Grill.
  7. present: It reports 'an individual firing a gun into the air', a specific armed threat.
  8. present: It reports "an individual firing a gun into the air" after a fight.
  9. present: It describes 'an individual firing a gun into the air', a specific armed threat.
  10. present: It reports 'an individual firing a gun into the air', a specific armed threat.
  11. present: It reports 'an individual firing a gun into the air', a specific firearm threat.
  12. present: It reports 'an individual firing a gun into the air' after a fight.
  13. present: It reports 'an individual firing a gun into the air', a specific threat.
  14. present: It names 'an individual firing a gun into the air'.
  15. present: It reports "an individual firing a gun into the air".
  16. present: It reports 'an individual firing a gun into the air', a specific threat.
  17. present: It reports 'an individual firing a gun into the air', a specific threat.
  18. present: It names "an individual firing a gun into the air", a specific threat.
  19. present: It reports 'an individual firing a gun into the air', a specific threat.
  20. present: It reports 'an individual firing a gun into the air', a specific armed threat.
  21. present: It reports 'an individual firing a gun into the air', a specific threat.
  22. present: It reports 'an individual firing a gun into the air', a specific threat.
  23. present: It reports 'an individual firing a gun into the air', a specific threat.
  24. present: It reports "an individual firing a gun into the air" after a fight, a specific firearm threat.
  25. present: It reports 'an individual firing a gun into the air', a specific threat.
• Locationpresent25/25

  Final assessment

  Unanimous: it gives '9th and Elm streets' and the Campus Bar and Grill.

  Where the threat is. Saying whether danger is in a specific building, a part of campus, or area-wide lets people judge their own proximity and choose a safe direction. Without a where, a warning is hard to act on precisely.

  See all 25 individual reads

  1. present: It gives '9th and Elm streets' and Campus Bar and Grill.
  2. present: It places the incident "at 9th and Elm streets", with the suspect headed toward campus.
  3. present: It places the incident at '9th and Elm streets' and says the suspect drove toward campus.
  4. present: It locates it at '9th and Elm streets' and 'Campus Bar and Grill'.
  5. present: It places the incident 'at 9th and Elm streets' and 'Campus Bar and Grill'.
  6. present: It gives '9th and Elm streets' and says the suspect drove 'south toward campus'.
  7. present: It places the incident 'at 9th and Elm streets' at Campus Bar and Grill.
  8. present: The shots were at "9th and Elm streets" near Campus Bar and Grill.
  9. present: It places the incident 'at 9th and Elm streets' and notes the suspect drove south toward campus.
  10. present: It gives the location as 'Campus Bar and Grill at 9th and Elm streets', a specific business and intersection.
  11. present: It names 'Campus Bar and Grill at 9th and Elm streets' and notes the suspect drove toward campus.
  12. present: It gives 'Campus Bar and Grill at 9th and Elm streets' and says the shooter headed south toward campus.
  13. present: It names 'Campus Bar and Grill at 9th and Elm streets' as where the gun was fired.
  14. present: It places the incident at '9th and Elm streets' and Campus Bar and Grill.
  15. present: It gives "9th and Elm streets" and Campus Bar and Grill.
  16. present: It names 'Campus Bar and Grill at 9th and Elm streets' and says the suspect headed toward campus.
  17. present: It names '9th and Elm streets' and 'Campus Bar and Grill'.
  18. present: It gives "9th and Elm streets" and "Campus Bar and Grill" as the location of the gunfire.
  19. present: It gives '9th and Elm streets' and says the suspect drove 'south toward campus'.
  20. present: It places the incident 'at 9th and Elm streets' at Campus Bar and Grill.
  21. present: It gives '9th and Elm streets' and the Campus Bar and Grill as the place where the gun was fired.
  22. present: It places the incident 'at 9th and Elm streets' at Campus Bar and Grill.
  23. present: It places the incident 'at 9th and Elm streets' and says the suspect 'drove south toward campus'.
  24. present: It says "at 9th and Elm streets" and "Campus Bar and Grill."
  25. present: It locates the incident at 'Campus Bar and Grill at 9th and Elm streets', with the suspect heading toward campus.
• Guidancepresent25/25

  Final assessment

  Unanimous: it tells readers to call MUPD about anything suspicious and to 'call 911 immediately' in an emergency.

  The protective action to take. A clear, specific instruction, such as shelter in place, evacuate, avoid the area, or run-hide-fight, drives faster and more correct protective behavior than describing the threat alone.

  See all 25 individual reads

  1. present: It says 'call MUPD' about suspicious sightings and 'call 911 immediately' in an emergency.
  2. present: It asks people to call MUPD if they see anything suspicious and "call 911 immediately" in an emergency.
  3. present: It says 'If there is an emergency, please call 911 immediately' and to report suspicious activity.
  4. present: It asks people to call MUPD if they see anything suspicious and 'call 911 immediately' in an emergency.
  5. present: It asks people to call MUPD if they see anything suspicious and 'If there is an emergency, please call 911 immediately'.
  6. present: It asks people to call MUPD if they see anything suspicious and 'call 911 immediately' in an emergency.
  7. present: It asks people to 'call MUPD' if they see anything suspicious and 'call 911 immediately' in an emergency.
  8. present: Readers are asked to call MUPD about suspicious sightings and "call 911 immediately" in an emergency.
  9. present: It asks civilians to call MUPD if they see anything suspicious and to 'call 911 immediately' in an emergency.
  10. present: It asks people to call MUPD if they see anything suspicious and 'call 911 immediately' in an emergency.
  11. present: It asks people to 'call MUPD' if they see anything suspicious and to 'call 911 immediately' in an emergency.
  12. present: It says to call MUPD if you see anything suspicious and 'If there is an emergency, please call 911 immediately'.
  13. present: It says 'If there is an emergency, please call 911 immediately' and to call MUPD about suspicious activity.
  14. present: It asks people to call MUPD or Columbia Police about suspicious activity and 'call 911 immediately' in emergencies.
  15. present: It asks readers to call MUPD if they see anything suspicious and "call 911 immediately" in an emergency.
  16. present: It asks people to call MUPD 'if they see anything suspicious' and to 'call 911 immediately' in an emergency.
  17. present: It says 'If there is an emergency, please call 911 immediately' and to report anything suspicious.
  18. present: It asks readers to call MUPD about suspicious activity and "call 911 immediately" in an emergency.
  19. present: It asks people to call MUPD if they see anything suspicious and to 'call 911 immediately' in an emergency.
  20. present: It asks people to call MUPD if they see anything suspicious and to 'call 911 immediately' in an emergency.
  21. present: It asks people to call MUPD if they see anything suspicious and 'call 911 immediately' in an emergency.
  22. present: It asks people to call MUPD if they see anything suspicious and says 'please call 911 immediately' in an emergency.
  23. present: It asks people to call MUPD if they see anything suspicious and to 'call 911 immediately' in an emergency.
  24. present: It asks civilians to call MUPD if they see anything suspicious and "call 911 immediately" in an emergency.
  25. present: It asks civilians to call MUPD if they see anything suspicious and says 'call 911 immediately' in an emergency.
• Timepresent25/25

  Final assessment

  Unanimous: it is dated 'Jan. 23, 2016' with updates at '12:39 a.m.' and '1:02 a.m.'.

  When the message applies. A timestamp, the word now or immediately, or a phrase like until further notice tells the reader whether the danger is current and how quickly to act.

  See all 25 individual reads

  1. present: It is dated 'Jan. 23, 2016' with times '12:39 a.m.' and '1:02 a.m.'.
  2. present: It is dated "Jan. 23, 2016" with updates at "12:39 a.m." and "1:02 a.m."
  3. present: It is dated 'Jan. 23, 2016' with times '12:39 a.m.' and '1:02 a.m.'.
  4. present: It is dated 'Jan. 23, 2016' with stamps '12:39 a.m.' and '1:02 a.m.'
  5. present: It is dated 'Jan. 23, 2016' with updates at '12:39 a.m.' and '1:02 a.m.'.
  6. present: It gives 'Jan. 23, 2016' with times '12:39 a.m.' and '1:02 a.m.'.
  7. present: It is dated 'Jan. 23, 2016' with updates at '12:39 a.m.' and '1:02 a.m.'
  8. present: It is dated "Jan. 23, 2016" with updates at "12:39 a.m." and "1:02 a.m."
  9. present: It is dated 'Jan. 23, 2016' with times '12:39 a.m.' and '1:02 a.m.'
  10. present: It is dated 'Jan. 23, 2016' with updates at '12:39 a.m.' and '1:02 a.m.'.
  11. present: It is dated 'Jan. 23, 2016' with updates at '12:39 a.m.' and '1:02 a.m.'.
  12. present: It is dated 'Jan. 23, 2016' with updates at '12:39 a.m.' and '1:02 a.m.'.
  13. present: It is dated 'Jan. 23, 2016' with updates at '12:39 a.m.' and '1:02 a.m.'
  14. present: It is dated 'Jan. 23, 2016' with updates at '12:39 a.m.' and '1:02 a.m.'.
  15. present: It gives "Jan. 23, 2016 1:02 a.m." and "12:39 a.m."
  16. present: It is dated 'Jan. 23, 2016' with updates at '12:39 a.m.' and '1:02 a.m.'
  17. present: It is dated 'Jan. 23, 2016' with updates at '12:39 a.m.' and '1:02 a.m.'
  18. present: It is dated "Jan. 23, 2016" and gives the update times "12:39 a.m." and "1:02 a.m."
  19. present: It is dated 'Jan. 23, 2016' with times '12:39 a.m.' and '1:02 a.m.'.
  20. present: It is dated 'Jan. 23, 2016' with updates at '12:39 a.m.' and '1:02 a.m.'
  21. present: It is dated 'Jan. 23, 2016' with updates at '12:39 a.m.' and '1:02 a.m.'.
  22. present: It is dated 'Jan. 23, 2016' with updates at '12:39 a.m.' and '1:02 a.m.'
  23. present: It is dated 'Jan. 23, 2016' with updates at '12:39 a.m.' and '1:02 a.m.'
  24. present: It gives "Jan. 23, 2016" with times "12:39 a.m." and "1:02 a.m."
  25. present: It is dated 'Jan. 23, 2016' with updates at '12:39 a.m.' and '1:02 a.m.'.
• Impactabsent0/25

  Final assessment

  All 25 reads find no stated injuries or potential consequences of the gunfire, so impact is absent.

  What the hazard could do to the people in its path. Beyond naming the threat, a complete warning conveys its potential consequences or severity, such as that a tornado can level buildings or that a leak could be explosive, so recipients grasp how much danger they are in. Research on warning message content finds that a concrete impact statement helps people personalize their risk and act sooner.

  See all 25 individual reads

  1. absent: It states no injuries or potential consequences of the gunfire.
  2. absent: It describes the gunfire but states no consequence or severity to the public.
  3. absent: It describes the gunfire but states no consequence or severity.
  4. absent: It does not state any potential harm or severity from the gunfire.
  5. absent: It describes the gun being fired into the air but states no consequence, injury, or severity for anyone.
  6. absent: It describes shots fired into the air but states no potential harm or severity for people on campus.
  7. absent: It describes the gun fired into the air but does not state potential harm or severity.
  8. absent: No injuries or potential consequences of firing the gun into the air are stated anywhere.
  9. absent: It gives no statement of injury risk or severity from the gunfire.
  10. absent: It describes shots fired into the air but gives no statement of injury or potential harm.
  11. absent: It describes a gun fired into the air but states no injuries or potential consequences for people.
  12. absent: It does not state any potential harm or severity from the gunfire.
  13. absent: It describes a gun fired into the air but states no potential harm, injury, or severity to anyone.
  14. absent: No injury or severity is stated for the gunfire.
  15. absent: It describes the gunfire but states no injury or consequence.
  16. absent: It describes the gunfire but states no consequence or severity for recipients.
  17. absent: It reports no injuries or danger level; the gun was fired 'into the air'.
  18. absent: It describes gunfire into the air but states no injury or potential consequence.
  19. absent: The updates describe no injuries and state no potential harm from the gun fired into the air.
  20. absent: It describes a gun fired into the air but states no injury, danger, or severity.
  21. absent: It describes a gun fired into the air but does not describe injuries or what the gunfire could do to people.
  22. absent: It describes the gun fired into the air but states no injuries or potential consequences.
  23. absent: The gunfire is described without any statement of potential harm or severity.
  24. absent: It describes the gunfire but states no consequence or severity, such as injuries or danger to people.
  25. absent: It describes shots fired into the air without stating any injury or potential consequence to readers.