Severe weather MU Alert notice for Columbia campus

To check this alert, Claude Opus 5 (an AI) read it in full 25 separate times, independently. Each read decided whether the message answers each of the six questions and gave a short reason. A final reviewer then weighed all 25 and wrote the plain-English verdict you see when you open a row. The score (for example 22/25) is how many reads agreed; the 25 individual reads are tucked underneath if you want to check them.

• Sourcepresent25/25

  Final assessment

  Present by 25 of 25. The message speaks for "MU Alert and emergency personnel" and cites "The information from National Weather Service" as its forecasting authority.

  Who is sending the alert and who is responding. People act faster on a message from a clearly identifiable, credible sender, such as a named department, the police, or a branded alert system, than on an anonymous notice. A branded signature counts.

  See all 25 individual reads

  1. present: It cites "MU Alert and emergency personnel" plus "The information from National Weather Service".
  2. present: It points to "MU Alert and emergency personnel" and links National Weather Service information.
  3. present: It cites "MU Alert and emergency personnel" and links information from the "National Weather Service".
  4. present: It references "MU Alert and emergency personnel" and links information from the National Weather Service.
  5. present: It references "MU Alert and emergency personnel" and links National Weather Service information.
  6. present: It references "MU Alert and emergency personnel" and links information from the National Weather Service.
  7. present: It cites "MU Alert and emergency personnel" and links information from the National Weather Service.
  8. present: It references "MU Alert and emergency personnel" and the "National Weather Service" as sources.
  9. present: "MU Alert and emergency personnel" plus the "National Weather Service" identify the sending authorities.
  10. present: It cites "MU Alert and emergency personnel" plus the National Weather Service as sources.
  11. present: It repeatedly attributes the information to "MU Alert and emergency personnel" and the National Weather Service.
  12. present: It is issued through "MU Alert and emergency personnel" citing National Weather Service information.
  13. present: It cites "MU Alert and emergency personnel" and links National Weather Service information.
  14. present: It cites "MU Alert and emergency personnel" and links National Weather Service information.
  15. present: MU Alert and the National Weather Service are both cited as the information sources.
  16. present: It references "MU Alert and emergency personnel" and the National Weather Service as information sources.
  17. present: It references "MU Alert and emergency personnel" and links information from the "National Weather Service".
  18. present: It cites "MU Alert and emergency personnel" and the National Weather Service as information sources.
  19. present: "MU Alert and emergency personnel" and the National Weather Service are identified as sources.
  20. present: It cites "MU Alert and emergency personnel" and links information from the "National Weather Service".
  21. present: The text cites "MU Alert and emergency personnel" and links National Weather Service information.
  22. present: It cites "MU Alert and emergency personnel" and links "National Weather Service" information.
  23. present: It points to "MU Alert and emergency personnel" and links information from the National Weather Service.
  24. present: It refers readers to "MU Alert and emergency personnel" and cites the National Weather Service.
  25. present: It refers readers to "MU Alert and emergency personnel" and cites the National Weather Service.
• Hazardpresent25/25

  Final assessment

  Present by 25 of 25. The threat is explicitly named: "severe storms will move into the area late this afternoon and evening", identified as thunderstorms.

  What the threat actually is. A complete warning names the specific danger, such as a shooter, a fire, a tornado, or a gas leak, rather than a vague emergency, because people decide what to do based on what they are facing.

  See all 25 individual reads

  1. present: It names "severe storms" and "thunderstorms" moving into the area.
  2. present: The hazard is named as "severe storms" and thunderstorms moving into the area.
  3. present: It warns of "severe storms" and thunderstorms moving into the area, a specific weather hazard.
  4. present: The threat is named as "severe storms" and thunderstorms with lightning.
  5. present: It warns of "severe storms" and thunderstorms moving into the area.
  6. present: It warns of "severe storms" and thunderstorms moving into the area, a specific weather hazard.
  7. present: The threat is named as "severe storms" and thunderstorms moving into the area.
  8. present: It names "severe storms" and thunderstorms moving into the area.
  9. present: It names "severe storms" and thunderstorms moving in, a specific weather hazard.
  10. present: The hazard is named as "severe storms" and thunderstorms moving into the area.
  11. present: The hazard is named as "severe storms" and thunderstorms moving into the area.
  12. present: The threat is named as "severe storms" and thunderstorms moving into the area.
  13. present: It names "severe storms" and thunderstorms moving into the area.
  14. present: It names "severe storms" and thunderstorms moving into the area as the threat.
  15. present: It names "severe storms" and thunderstorms moving into the area.
  16. present: The threat is named as "severe storms" and thunderstorms moving into the area.
  17. present: It names "severe storms" and "thunderstorms" moving into the area, a specific weather hazard.
  18. present: It names "severe storms" and thunderstorms moving into the area.
  19. present: It names "severe storms" and thunderstorms moving into the area.
  20. present: It names "severe storms" and "thunderstorms" moving into the area, a specific weather hazard.
  21. present: It names "severe storms" and thunderstorms moving into the area, a specific weather hazard.
  22. present: It names "severe storms" and thunderstorms moving into the area.
  23. present: The threat is named as "severe storms" and thunderstorms moving into the area.
  24. present: It names "severe storms" and thunderstorms moving into the area.
  25. present: The threat is named as "severe storms" and thunderstorms moving into the area.
• Locationpresent25/25

  Final assessment

  Present by 25 of 25. The storms are said to "move into the area", a broad but real geographic cue for the campus audience receiving the notice.

  Where the threat is. Saying whether danger is in a specific building, a part of campus, or area-wide lets people judge their own proximity and choose a safe direction. Without a where, a warning is hard to act on precisely.

  See all 25 individual reads

  1. present: It says the storms "will move into the area", an area reference covering the campus community.
  2. present: It says the storms will move "into the area", a general but real location cue.
  3. present: It says the storms will move "into the area", the place reference the rubric allows.
  4. present: The storms "will move into the area", which the rubric accepts as a location cue.
  5. present: It says the storms will move "into the area", a general place reference.
  6. present: It says the storms "will move into the area", giving a general area reference for recipients.
  7. present: It says the storms "will move into the area", a general but stated place reference.
  8. present: The storms "will move into the area", identifying the affected area generally.
  9. present: It says the storms will move "into the area", a general but real place reference.
  10. present: It says the storms will move "into the area", a location reference, if a broad one.
  11. present: It says the storms "will move into the area", a stated if broad location.
  12. present: It says the storms will move "into the area" and advises indoor shelter locations on site.
  13. present: It says the storms will move into "the area" and advises indoor shelter there.
  14. present: It says the storms will move "into the area" and advises finding indoor shelter there.
  15. present: It refers to storms moving "into the area", a general but stated place reference.
  16. present: It says the storms "will move into the area", a general but stated place reference.
  17. present: It says the storms will "move into the area", identifying the local area as affected.
  18. present: It says the storms will move "into the area", a general but real place reference.
  19. present: It says the storms will move "into the area", a general but stated location reference.
  20. present: It says the storms "will move into the area", and advises sheltering in interior rooms of buildings.
  21. present: It says storms will move "into the area", a general but real area reference for recipients.
  22. present: It says the storms "will move into the area", giving a general local area reference.
  23. present: It says the storms "will move into the area", a general but stated place reference.
  24. present: It says the storms will move "into the area", a general but stated location cue.
  25. present: It says the storms will move "into the area", a general but stated location.
• Guidancepresent25/25

  Final assessment

  Present by 25 of 25. The tips are directive: "go indoors", "Seek shelter in interior rooms and corridors away from windows", "Do not use elevators" and resist going outside to check conditions.

  The protective action to take. A clear, specific instruction, such as shelter in place, evacuate, avoid the area, or run-hide-fight, drives faster and more correct protective behavior than describing the threat alone.

  See all 25 individual reads

  1. present: It directs readers to "go indoors", "Seek shelter in interior rooms and corridors away from windows", and avoid elevators.
  2. present: It instructs readers to go indoors and "Seek shelter in interior rooms and corridors away from windows".
  3. present: It tells readers to go indoors, "Seek shelter in interior rooms and corridors away from windows" and not to use elevators.
  4. present: It tells readers to go indoors, "Seek shelter in interior rooms and corridors away from windows", and avoid elevators.
  5. present: It tells readers to go indoors, seek interior rooms away from windows, and avoid elevators.
  6. present: It instructs readers to go indoors, "Seek shelter in interior rooms and corridors away from windows", and avoid elevators.
  7. present: It instructs readers to go indoors, "Seek shelter in interior rooms and corridors away from windows" and avoid elevators.
  8. present: It directs readers to go indoors and "Seek shelter in interior rooms and corridors away from windows".
  9. present: It instructs readers to go indoors, "Seek shelter in interior rooms and corridors away from windows."
  10. present: It directs readers to "Seek shelter in interior rooms and corridors away from windows" and avoid elevators.
  11. present: It tells readers to go indoors, seek interior rooms away from windows and avoid elevators.
  12. present: It instructs readers to go indoors, "Seek shelter in interior rooms and corridors away from windows."
  13. present: It tells readers to go indoors, "Seek shelter in interior rooms and corridors away from windows".
  14. present: It tells readers to go indoors, seek interior rooms away from windows, and avoid elevators.
  15. present: It instructs readers to go indoors, seek interior rooms away from windows, and avoid elevators.
  16. present: It directs readers to go indoors and "Seek shelter in interior rooms and corridors away from windows".
  17. present: It instructs readers to "go indoors", "Seek shelter in interior rooms and corridors away from windows" and avoid elevators.
  18. present: It tells readers to go indoors, "Seek shelter in interior rooms and corridors away from windows".
  19. present: It instructs readers to go indoors, "Seek shelter in interior rooms and corridors away from windows", and avoid elevators.
  20. present: It tells readers "When thunder roars, go indoors" and to "Seek shelter in interior rooms and corridors away from windows".
  21. present: It tells readers to go indoors, seek shelter in interior rooms away from windows and avoid elevators.
  22. present: It instructs readers to go indoors, "Seek shelter in interior rooms and corridors away from windows".
  23. present: It tells readers to go indoors, "Seek shelter in interior rooms and corridors away from windows", and avoid elevators.
  24. present: It instructs people to go indoors, seek interior rooms away from windows, and avoid elevators.
  25. present: It instructs readers to go indoors and "Seek shelter in interior rooms and corridors away from windows".
• Timepresent25/25

  Final assessment

  Present by 25 of 25. Onset is given as "late this afternoon and evening", the window in which the storms are expected to arrive.

  When the message applies. A timestamp, the word now or immediately, or a phrase like until further notice tells the reader whether the danger is current and how quickly to act.

  See all 25 individual reads

  1. present: It gives timing as "late this afternoon and evening" for the storms' arrival.
  2. present: Timing is given as "late this afternoon and evening".
  3. present: Timing is given as "late this afternoon and evening", a clear recency cue.
  4. present: It places the storms "late this afternoon and evening".
  5. present: The storms are expected "late this afternoon and evening".
  6. present: Timing is given as "late this afternoon and evening".
  7. present: The timing is "late this afternoon and evening", a recency cue.
  8. present: Timing is "late this afternoon and evening".
  9. present: It places the arrival "late this afternoon and evening", a recency and timing cue.
  10. present: Timing is given as "late this afternoon and evening".
  11. present: The timing is "late this afternoon and evening", a clear recency cue.
  12. present: It times arrival for "late this afternoon and evening".
  13. present: It places the arrival "late this afternoon and evening".
  14. present: Timing is given as "late this afternoon and evening" for the storms' arrival.
  15. present: Timing is given as "late this afternoon and evening".
  16. present: Timing is given as "late this afternoon and evening".
  17. present: Timing is given as "late this afternoon and evening", a clear recency cue.
  18. present: It times the arrival for "late this afternoon and evening".
  19. present: Timing is given as "late this afternoon and evening."
  20. present: Timing is given as "late this afternoon and evening".
  21. present: It places the storms "late this afternoon and evening", a clear recency and timing cue.
  22. present: It says the storms arrive "late this afternoon and evening".
  23. present: Timing is given as "late this afternoon and evening" of the alert day.
  24. present: The storms are expected "late this afternoon and evening", a clear timing cue.
  25. present: Timing is "late this afternoon and evening".
• Impactpresent25/25

  Final assessment

  Present by 25 of 25. The alert states the thunderstorms "are anticipated to be potentially life-threating", preserving the typo, which is an unambiguous statement of severity.

  What the hazard could do to the people in its path. Beyond naming the threat, a complete warning conveys its potential consequences or severity, such as that a tornado can level buildings or that a leak could be explosive, so recipients grasp how much danger they are in. Research on warning message content finds that a concrete impact statement helps people personalize their risk and act sooner.

  See all 25 individual reads

  1. present: It warns the thunderstorms "are anticipated to be potentially life-threating", an explicit severity statement.
  2. present: It warns the thunderstorms are "potentially life-threating", an explicit severity statement.
  3. present: It states the thunderstorms "are anticipated to be potentially life-threating", an explicit severity claim.
  4. present: It warns the thunderstorms "are anticipated to be potentially life-threating", an explicit severity claim.
  5. present: It warns the thunderstorms "are anticipated to be potentially life-threating".
  6. present: It states the thunderstorms "are anticipated to be potentially life-threating", an explicit severity claim.
  7. present: It warns the thunderstorms "are anticipated to be potentially life-threating", an explicit severity statement.
  8. present: It warns the thunderstorms "are anticipated to be potentially life-threating", an explicit severity claim.
  9. present: It warns the thunderstorms are "anticipated to be potentially life-threating", an explicit severity claim.
  10. present: It warns the thunderstorms are "anticipated to be potentially life-threating", an explicit severity statement.
  11. present: It warns the thunderstorms "are anticipated to be potentially life-threating", an explicit severity claim.
  12. present: It warns the storms are "anticipated to be potentially life-threating", an explicit severity statement.
  13. present: It warns the thunderstorms are "anticipated to be potentially life-threating", an explicit severity claim.
  14. present: It warns the thunderstorms "are anticipated to be potentially life-threating", an explicit severity claim.
  15. present: It warns the storms are "potentially life-threating", an explicit severity statement.
  16. present: It warns the thunderstorms "are anticipated to be potentially life-threating", an explicit severity statement.
  17. present: It warns the thunderstorms are "potentially life-threating", an explicit statement of severity.
  18. present: It warns the thunderstorms "are anticipated to be potentially life-threating".
  19. present: It warns the thunderstorms are "potentially life-threating", an explicit severity statement.
  20. present: It warns the thunderstorms "are anticipated to be potentially life-threating", an explicit severity statement.
  21. present: It warns the thunderstorms are "anticipated to be potentially life-threating", an explicit severity statement.
  22. present: It warns the thunderstorms are "anticipated to be potentially life threating", an explicit severity claim.
  23. present: It warns the thunderstorms "are anticipated to be potentially life-threating", an explicit severity statement.
  24. present: It states the thunderstorms are "potentially life-threating", an explicit severity claim.
  25. present: It warns the thunderstorms are "anticipated to be potentially life-threating", an explicit severity claim.