Advisory issued after a fatal shooting at a high school three miles from campus

To check this alert, Claude (an AI) read it in full 25 separate times, independently. Each read decided whether the message answers each of the six questions and gave a short reason. A final reviewer then weighed all 25 and wrote the plain-English verdict you see when you open a row. The score (for example 22/25) is how many reads agreed; the 25 individual reads are tucked underneath if you want to check them.

• Sourcepresent25/25

  Final assessment

  Unanimous that the source is present; the alert names Wake Forest Police and Winston-Salem schools and police as authorities.

  Who is sending the alert and who is responding. People act faster on a message from a clearly identifiable, credible sender, such as a named department, the police, or a branded alert system, than on an anonymous notice. A branded signature counts.

  See all 25 individual reads

  1. present: It names "Wake Forest Police" and "Winston-Salem public schools and police", identifying authorities.
  2. present: It names "Wake Forest Police" and "Winston-Salem public schools and police" as authorities.
  3. present: It names "Wake Forest Police" and "Winston-Salem public schools and police", responding authorities.
  4. present: It names "Wake Forest Police" and "Winston-Salem public schools and police".
  5. present: It names "Wake Forest Police" and "Winston-Salem public schools and police", identifying authorities.
  6. present: It names "Winston-Salem public schools and police" and "Wake Forest Police" as authorities.
  7. present: "Wake Forest Police" is named as the responding authority.
  8. present: It names "Wake Forest Police" and "Winston-Salem public schools and police", issuing authorities.
  9. present: It names "Winston-Salem public schools and police" and "Wake Forest Police", responding authorities.
  10. present: It names "Wake Forest Police", "Winston-Salem public schools and police", responding authorities.
  11. present: It names "Wake Forest Police" and "Winston-Salem public schools and police", responders.
  12. present: It names "Wake Forest Police", a responding authority.
  13. present: It names "Wake Forest Police" and "Winston-Salem public schools and police", the responding authorities.
  14. present: "Wake Forest Police" and "Winston-Salem public schools and police" are named as authorities.
  15. present: It names "Wake Forest Police" and "Winston-Salem public schools and police", identifying authorities.
  16. present: "Wake Forest Police" and "Winston-Salem public schools and police" are named authorities.
  17. present: It names "Wake Forest Police" and "Winston-Salem public schools and police", the responding authorities.
  18. present: It names "Wake Forest Police" and "Winston-Salem public schools and police" as authorities.
  19. present: It names "Wake Forest Police" and "Winston-Salem public schools and police" as authorities.
  20. present: The text identifies "Wake Forest Police" and "Winston-Salem public schools and police".
  21. present: It names "Wake Forest Police" and "Winston-Salem public schools and police", the responding authorities.
  22. present: It names "Wake Forest Police", "Winston-Salem public schools and police", identifying issuer.
  23. present: It names "Wake Forest Police", "Winston-Salem public schools and police", and local authorities as responders.
  24. present: "Winston-Salem public schools and police" and "Wake Forest Police" identify the authorities.
  25. present: It names "Wake Forest Police" and "Winston-Salem public schools and police", identifying authorities.
• Hazardpresent25/25

  Final assessment

  All reads agree the hazard is present; a shooting is named as the specific threat.

  What the threat actually is. A complete warning names the specific danger, such as a shooter, a fire, a tornado, or a gas leak, rather than a vague emergency, because people decide what to do based on what they are facing.

  See all 25 individual reads

  1. present: It names "a shooting", a specific threat.
  2. present: It names "a shooting", a specific hazard.
  3. present: It names "a shooting" at Mount Tabor High School, a specific threat.
  4. present: It names "a shooting", a specific threat.
  5. present: It names "a shooting" at a high school, a specific threat.
  6. present: It names "A shooting", a specific hazard.
  7. present: It names "a shooting" at a high school, a specific threat.
  8. present: It names "a shooting", a specific threat.
  9. present: It names "a shooting" at a high school, a specific threat.
  10. present: It names "a shooting" at a high school, a specific threat.
  11. present: It names "a shooting" at a high school, a specific threat.
  12. present: It names "a shooting", a specific hazard.
  13. present: It names "a shooting" at Mount Tabor High School, a specific threat.
  14. present: It names "a shooting" at the high school with injuries, a specific threat.
  15. present: It reports "a shooting" at a high school, a specific threat.
  16. present: It names "a shooting", a specific hazard.
  17. present: It names "a shooting" at the high school, a specific hazard.
  18. present: It names "a shooting," a specific hazard.
  19. present: It names "a shooting", a specific threat.
  20. present: It names the hazard: "A shooting" at a high school.
  21. present: It names "A shooting", a specific hazard.
  22. present: It names "a shooting", a specific threat.
  23. present: It names "a shooting", a specific hazard.
  24. present: It names "a shooting", a specific hazard.
  25. present: It names a "shooting", a specific threat.
• Locationpresent25/25

  Final assessment

  Unanimous that location is present; the message cites Mount Tabor High School, about three miles from campus.

  Where the threat is. Saying whether danger is in a specific building, a part of campus, or area-wide lets people judge their own proximity and choose a safe direction. Without a where, a warning is hard to act on precisely.

  See all 25 individual reads

  1. present: It says "Mount Tabor High School, about three miles from campus", a specific location.
  2. present: It cites "Mount Tabor High School, about three miles from campus", a specific place.
  3. present: It cites "Mount Tabor High School, about three miles from campus", a specific location.
  4. present: It specifies "Mount Tabor High School, about three miles from campus".
  5. present: It names "Mount Tabor High School, about three miles from campus", a specific place.
  6. present: It says "Mount Tabor High School, about three miles from campus", a specific place.
  7. present: It locates it "at Mount Tabor High School, about three miles from campus", specific places.
  8. present: It names "Mount Tabor High School, about three miles from campus", a specific place.
  9. present: It cites "Mount Tabor High School, about three miles from campus", a specific location.
  10. present: It says "Mount Tabor High School, about three miles from campus", a specific location.
  11. present: It specifies "Mount Tabor High School, about three miles from campus", a specific place.
  12. present: It cites "Mount Tabor High School, about three miles from campus", a specific location.
  13. present: It cites "Mount Tabor High School, about three miles from campus", a specific location.
  14. present: It locates it at "Mount Tabor High School, about three miles from campus".
  15. present: It cites "Mount Tabor High School, about three miles from campus", a specific location.
  16. present: It locates it "at Mount Tabor High School, about three miles from campus".
  17. present: It specifies "Mount Tabor High School, about three miles from campus", a precise location.
  18. present: It cites "Mount Tabor High School, about three miles from campus," a specific place.
  19. present: It locates it "at Mount Tabor High School, about three miles from campus".
  20. present: It specifies "Mount Tabor High School, about three miles from campus".
  21. present: It says "Mount Tabor High School, about three miles from campus", a specific location.
  22. present: It names "Mount Tabor High School, about three miles from campus", a specific place.
  23. present: It names "Mount Tabor High School, about three miles from campus", a specific location.
  24. present: It names "Mount Tabor High School, about three miles from campus", a specific location.
  25. present: It specifies "Mount Tabor High School, about three miles from campus", a precise location.
• Guidanceabsent0/25

  Final assessment

  Unanimous that guidance is absent; the alert reassures there is no risk to campus but gives no protective action to recipients.

  The protective action to take. A clear, specific instruction, such as shelter in place, evacuate, avoid the area, or run-hide-fight, drives faster and more correct protective behavior than describing the threat alone.

  See all 25 individual reads

  1. absent: It reassures there is no risk to campus but gives no protective action to recipients.
  2. absent: It gives no protective instruction; it states there is "no reason to believe there is any risk to campus".
  3. absent: It gives no protective instruction; it states "There is no reason to believe there is any risk to campus".
  4. absent: It reassures there is no risk but gives no protective instruction to recipients.
  5. absent: It reassures there is no risk to campus but gives no protective instruction to recipients.
  6. absent: It states "no reason to believe there is any risk to campus" but gives no protective action.
  7. absent: No protective action is directed to recipients; it says there is no risk to campus.
  8. absent: It says "no reason to believe there is any risk to campus" but gives no protective instruction.
  9. absent: It states "no reason to believe there is any risk to campus" but gives no protective instruction.
  10. absent: It gives no protective-action instruction; it states "no reason to believe there is any risk to campus".
  11. absent: It states there is no risk to campus and gives recipients no protective action.
  12. absent: It states there is "no reason to believe there is any risk to campus" but issues no protective instruction.
  13. absent: It says "no reason to believe there is any risk to campus" but gives no protective instruction to recipients.
  14. absent: It reassures there is "no reason to believe there is any risk to campus" but gives no protective instruction.
  15. absent: It states "no reason to believe there is any risk to campus" and gives no protective action.
  16. absent: It states "no reason to believe there is any risk to campus" but gives no protective instruction.
  17. absent: It states there is no risk to campus and gives no protective instruction to recipients.
  18. absent: It states "no reason to believe there is any risk to campus" but gives no protective instruction.
  19. absent: It says "There is no reason to believe there is any risk to campus" and gives no protective instruction.
  20. absent: It states "no reason to believe there is any risk to campus" and gives no protective instruction.
  21. absent: It states there is no risk to campus and gives no protective instruction to recipients.
  22. absent: It is informational; it gives recipients no protective instruction and says there is no risk.
  23. absent: It says "no reason to believe there is any risk to campus", giving no protective-action instruction to recipients.
  24. absent: It states there is no risk to campus and gives recipients no protective instruction.
  25. absent: It states there is no risk to campus and gives no protective instruction to recipients.
• Timeabsent0/25

  Final assessment

  Unanimous that timing is absent; no clock time, date, or recency word appears.

  When the message applies. A timestamp, the word now or immediately, or a phrase like until further notice tells the reader whether the danger is current and how quickly to act.

  See all 25 individual reads

  1. absent: No clock time, date, or recency word such as "now" appears.
  2. absent: No clock time, date, or recency word appears in the text.
  3. absent: No clock time, date, or recency cue appears in the text.
  4. absent: No clock time, date, or recency cue appears in the text.
  5. absent: No clock time, date, or recency cue appears in the text.
  6. absent: No clock time, date, or recency cue appears in the text.
  7. absent: No clock time, date, or recency cue appears in the text.
  8. absent: No clock time, date, or recency cue such as "now" or "immediately" appears.
  9. absent: No clock time, date, or recency cue is present.
  10. absent: No clock time, date, or recency cue such as "now" appears.
  11. absent: No clock time, date, or recency word appears in the text.
  12. absent: No clock time, date, or recency cue appears in the text.
  13. absent: No clock time, date, or recency cue such as "now" appears in the text.
  14. absent: No clock time, date, or recency word like "now" appears in the text.
  15. absent: No clock time, date, or recency cue such as "now" appears in the text.
  16. absent: No clock time, date, or recency word such as "now" appears.
  17. absent: No clock time, date, or recency word appears in the text.
  18. absent: No clock time, date, or recency cue appears in the text.
  19. absent: No clock time, date, or recency cue such as "now" or "immediately" appears.
  20. absent: No clock time, date, or recency word is present.
  21. absent: No clock time, date, or recency cue appears.
  22. absent: No clock time, date, or recency cue appears in the text.
  23. absent: No clock time, date, or recency cue such as "now" or "immediately" appears.
  24. absent: No clock time, date, or recency word appears in the text.
  25. absent: No clock time, date, or recency cue appears in the text.
• Impactpresent25/25

  Final assessment

  Yes; unanimous that the shooting alert conveys a danger to people.

  What the hazard could do to the people in its path. Beyond naming the threat, a complete warning conveys its potential consequences or severity, such as that a tornado can level buildings or that a leak could be explosive, so recipients grasp how much danger they are in. Research on warning message content finds that a concrete impact statement helps people personalize their risk and act sooner.

  See all 25 individual reads

  1. present: Reports a shooting that injured a high school student, an explicit stated harm.
  2. present: It states a shooting resulted in injuries to one high school student, conveying clear physical harm.
  3. present: A shooting injuring a high school student is an explicit stated harm, though it states no risk to campus.
  4. present: It reports a shooting resulting in injuries to a high school student but states there is no risk to campus, conveying the harm and severity assessment.
  5. present: It reports a school shooting that injured a student but explicitly states there is no reason to believe any risk to campus, conveying harm and severity.
  6. present: It reports a shooting resulting in injuries to one high school student, a clear stated harm, while assuring no risk to campus.
  7. present: States a shooting resulted in injuries to one high school student but notes no risk to campus, conveying explicit harm.
  8. present: It reports a shooting resulting in injuries to a high school student, an explicit harm to a person.
  9. present: States a shooting resulted in injuries to a high school student and assesses no risk to campus, an explicit harm and severity.
  10. present: It reports a shooting resulting in injuries to a high school student, a clearly stated harm.
  11. present: It states a shooting resulted in injuries to one high school student, a clearly reported harm.
  12. present: Reports a shooting resulting in injuries to a student though states there is no risk to campus, conveying harm.
  13. present: Reports a shooting resulting in injuries to one high school student, an explicit statement of harm, while noting no risk to campus.
  14. present: Reports a shooting that injured one high school student, a clearly stated harm to a person.
  15. present: Reports a shooting resulting in injuries to a student though notes no risk to campus, a clearly stated harm.
  16. present: It states a shooting resulted in injuries to a student, an explicit reported harm to a person.
  17. present: It reports a shooting that injured a high school student, an explicit harm to a person, while noting no risk to campus.
  18. present: A shooting resulting in injuries to a student is described while explicitly stating no risk to campus, conveying harm outcome.
  19. present: Reports a shooting resulting in injuries to a student, conveying actual harm to a person.
  20. present: It reports a shooting at a nearby high school resulting in injuries to a student, a clearly stated harm.
  21. present: Reports a shooting at a nearby high school resulting in injuries to a student, an explicit harm, though it notes no risk to campus.
  22. present: It reports a shooting resulting in injuries to a high school student, conveying explicit harm while noting no risk to campus.
  23. present: It reports a shooting resulting in injuries to a high school student, a clearly stated harm.
  24. present: This reports a shooting that injured one high school student, a clearly stated harm, while noting no risk to campus.
  25. present: Reports a shooting resulting in injuries to a high school student but states no risk to campus.