Delay upgraded to full weather closure

To check this alert, Claude Opus 5 (an AI) read it in full 25 separate times, independently. Each read decided whether the message answers each of the six questions and gave a short reason. A final reviewer then weighed all 25 and wrote the plain-English verdict you see when you open a row. The score (for example 22/25) is how many reads agreed; the 25 individual reads are tucked underneath if you want to check them.

• Sourcepresent25/25

  Final assessment

  Present, 25 of 25. 'West Virginia State University' announces the delay in its own name, with 'WVSU offices' reinforcing the sender.

  Who is sending the alert and who is responding. People act faster on a message from a clearly identifiable, credible sender, such as a named department, the police, or a branded alert system, than on an anonymous notice. A branded signature counts.

  See all 25 individual reads

  1. present: 'West Virginia State University' and 'WVSU' identify the sender.
  2. present: West Virginia State University announces the delay in its own name.
  3. present: West Virginia State University announces the delay in its own name.
  4. present: 'West Virginia State University' and 'WVSU offices' identify the sender.
  5. present: 'West Virginia State University' and 'WVSU' identify the sender.
  6. present: 'West Virginia State University' and 'WVSU' identify the sender.
  7. present: West Virginia State University identifies itself.
  8. present: 'West Virginia State University' and 'WVSU' identify the sender.
  9. present: 'West Virginia State University' and 'WVSU' identify the sender.
  10. present: West Virginia State University announces the delay in its own name.
  11. present: 'West Virginia State University' and 'WVSU' name the sender.
  12. present: 'West Virginia State University' and WVSU identify the sender.
  13. present: 'West Virginia State University' and 'WVSU' identify the sender.
  14. present: 'West Virginia State University' and 'WVSU' identify the sending institution.
  15. present: 'West Virginia State University' and 'WVSU' identify the sender.
  16. present: 'West Virginia State University' and WVSU identify the sender.
  17. present: "West Virginia State University" and WVSU offices identify the sender.
  18. present: "West Virginia State University" and "WVSU" identify the institution sending it.
  19. present: 'West Virginia State University' and 'WVSU' identify the sender.
  20. present: 'West Virginia State University' and 'WVSU' identify the sender.
  21. present: 'West Virginia State University' and 'WVSU' identify the sender.
  22. present: 'West Virginia State University' and 'WVSU' identify the sender.
  23. present: West Virginia State University identifies itself as the sender.
  24. present: "West Virginia State University" and "WVSU" identify the sender.
  25. present: 'West Virginia State University' identifies itself as sender.
• Hazardpresent22/25

  Final assessment

  Present by majority, 22 of 25 read it as present, on 'Due to inclement weather'. Three dissenters held that phrase generic, naming no specific threat such as snow or ice.

  What the threat actually is. A complete warning names the specific danger, such as a shooter, a fire, a tornado, or a gas leak, rather than a vague emergency, because people decide what to do based on what they are facing.

  See all 25 individual reads

  1. present: 'inclement weather' names the hazard driving the delay.
  2. present: "inclement weather" points to a weather hazard as the cause.
  3. absent: "inclement weather" is generic and never names a specific weather threat.
  4. present: 'inclement weather' names a weather hazard as the cause.
  5. present: 'inclement weather' is the stated condition prompting the delay.
  6. present: 'inclement weather' is named as the cause.
  7. present: Inclement weather is the stated cause.
  8. present: 'inclement weather' is thin but names a weather hazard driving the delay.
  9. present: 'inclement weather' points to a weather hazard as the cause.
  10. present: 'inclement weather' names a weather hazard.
  11. present: 'inclement weather' identifies a weather hazard, not a generic incident.
  12. present: 'inclement weather' names a weather hazard as the cause.
  13. present: 'inclement weather' names a weather hazard as the cause.
  14. present: 'inclement weather' names the weather hazard behind the delay.
  15. absent: 'inclement weather' is generic; no specific hazard such as snow or ice is named.
  16. absent: 'inclement weather' is generic and names no specific weather threat.
  17. present: "inclement weather" prompting the delay names the condition.
  18. present: "inclement weather" names a weather hazard rather than a vague incident.
  19. present: 'inclement weather' names the weather hazard behind the delay.
  20. present: 'inclement weather' is named as the cause.
  21. present: 'inclement weather' with a delay, the weather condition is named.
  22. present: 'inclement weather' is named as the cause.
  23. present: "inclement weather" is named as the cause.
  24. present: "inclement weather" names weather as the specific cause.
  25. present: 'inclement weather' names a weather hazard as the cause.
• Locationpresent24/25

  Final assessment

  Present by majority, 24 of 25 read it as present, taking 'WVSU offices' and in-person classes to locate the delay at the university. One reviewer found no building or area named.

  Where the threat is. Saying whether danger is in a specific building, a part of campus, or area-wide lets people judge their own proximity and choose a safe direction. Without a where, a warning is hard to act on precisely.

  See all 25 individual reads

  1. present: WVSU offices and campus operations are the located subject.
  2. present: WVSU offices and in-person classes locate the delay at the university.
  3. present: Refers to WVSU offices and in-person classes on campus.
  4. present: WVSU offices and campus operations are the located subject.
  5. present: WVSU offices and in-person classes locate it at the university.
  6. present: 'WVSU offices' and the university's campus operations locate it.
  7. present: Refers to WVSU offices and in-person classes on campus.
  8. present: 'WVSU offices' and the university itself locate the delay.
  9. absent: No campus, building or area is named, only the institution and offices.
  10. present: WVSU offices and in-person classes locate it at the university.
  11. present: 'WVSU offices' and the university's campus operations.
  12. present: WVSU offices and in-person classes locate it at the university.
  13. present: 'WVSU offices' and the university's in-person classes locate it.
  14. present: WVSU offices and in-person classes locate it at the university.
  15. present: 'WVSU offices' and the university's campus operations.
  16. present: 'WVSU offices' and the university's operations locate the effect.
  17. present: WVSU offices and campus operations are the referenced place.
  18. present: "WVSU offices" and the campus opening are the referenced place.
  19. present: 'WVSU offices' and campus operations are the referenced place.
  20. present: 'WVSU offices' and the university's own operations locate it.
  21. present: 'WVSU offices' and campus operations are the place.
  22. present: 'WVSU offices' and the campus opening locate the action.
  23. present: "WVSU offices" and in-person classes locate it at the university.
  24. present: "WVSU offices" and in-person classes point to the campus as the affected place.
  25. present: 'WVSU offices' and the university itself indicate the affected place.
• Guidancepresent25/25

  Final assessment

  Present, 25 of 25. Recipients are told in-person classes meeting before 11 a.m. are canceled, online classes continue, and offices open at 10:30 a.m.

  The protective action to take. A clear, specific instruction, such as shelter in place, evacuate, avoid the area, or run-hide-fight, drives faster and more correct protective behavior than describing the threat alone.

  See all 25 individual reads

  1. present: Tells recipients in-person classes before 11 a.m. are canceled and offices open at 10:30 a.m.
  2. present: Tells readers offices open at 10:30 a.m. and pre-11 a.m. in-person classes are canceled.
  3. present: Tells recipients classes before 11 a.m. are canceled and offices open at 10:30 a.m.
  4. present: Tells recipients in-person classes before 11 a.m. are canceled and offices open at 10:30.
  5. present: Classes before 11 a.m. canceled, offices open at 10:30 a.m., online classes continue.
  6. present: Tells the community classes before 11 a.m. are canceled and offices open at 10:30 a.m.
  7. present: Tells people early classes are canceled and offices open at 10:30 a.m.
  8. present: Tells recipients in-person classes before 11 a.m. are canceled and online classes continue.
  9. present: Classes before 11 a.m. canceled, offices open at 10:30, telling people what to do.
  10. present: Tells recipients which classes are canceled and when offices open, directing their movements.
  11. present: In-person classes canceled, online classes continue, offices open at 10:30 a.m.
  12. present: Tells people classes before 11 a.m. are canceled and offices open at 10:30.
  13. present: Recipients told classes before 11 a.m. are canceled and offices open at 10:30 a.m.
  14. present: Tells the community classes before 11 a.m. are canceled and offices open at 10:30.
  15. present: Classes before 11 a.m. canceled and offices open at 10:30, directing behavior.
  16. present: Tells recipients in-person classes before 11 a.m. are canceled and offices open at 10:30 a.m.
  17. present: Tells people in-person classes before 11 a.m. are canceled and offices open at 10:30 a.m.
  18. present: Classes before 11 a.m. canceled and offices open at 10:30 a.m. tell people what to do.
  19. present: Tells recipients classes before 11 a.m. are canceled and offices open at 10:30 a.m.
  20. present: Tells readers in-person classes before 11 a.m. are canceled and offices open at 10:30 a.m.
  21. present: Classes before 11 a.m. canceled and offices open late, telling people what to do.
  22. present: Classes before 11 a.m. canceled and online classes continue tells readers what to do.
  23. present: Pre-11 a.m. in-person classes canceled; offices open at 10:30 a.m.
  24. present: Classes before 11 a.m. are canceled and offices open at 10:30 a.m., telling people what to do.
  25. present: Tells readers in-person classes before 11 a.m. are canceled and offices open at 10:30 a.m.
• Timepresent25/25

  Final assessment

  Present, 25 of 25. 'Today, Wednesday, February 19' is paired with the 11 a.m. cancellation cutoff and the 10:30 a.m. office opening.

  When the message applies. A timestamp, the word now or immediately, or a phrase like until further notice tells the reader whether the danger is current and how quickly to act.

  See all 25 individual reads

  1. present: 'today, Wednesday, February 19' with 11 a.m. and 10:30 a.m. times.
  2. present: "today, Wednesday, February 19" with 11 a.m. and 10:30 a.m. times.
  3. present: Says "today, Wednesday, February 19" with specific hours.
  4. present: 'today, Wednesday, February 19' plus specific opening hours.
  5. present: 'today, Wednesday, February 19' with specific hours.
  6. present: 'today, Wednesday, February 19' with specific hours.
  7. present: Today, Wednesday, February 19, with 11 a.m. and 10:30 a.m. times.
  8. present: 'today, Wednesday, February 19' with a 10:30 a.m. opening.
  9. present: 'today, Wednesday, February 19' and the stated hours.
  10. present: 'today, Wednesday, February 19' with 11 a.m. and 10:30 a.m. times.
  11. present: 'today, Wednesday, February 19' and 'before 11 a.m.'
  12. present: 'today, Wednesday, February 19' with delay times.
  13. present: 'today, Wednesday, February 19' supplies date and recency.
  14. present: 'today, Wednesday, February 19' and specific opening hours.
  15. present: 'today, Wednesday, February 19' with clock times.
  16. present: 'today, Wednesday, February 19' with clock times.
  17. present: "today, Wednesday, February 19" with clock times.
  18. present: "today, Wednesday, February 19" with specific hours.
  19. present: 'today, Wednesday, February 19' with clock times.
  20. present: 'today, Wednesday, February 19' with specific hours.
  21. present: 'today, Wednesday, February 19' and '10:30 a.m.'.
  22. present: 'today, Wednesday, February 19' and '10:30 a.m.'
  23. present: "today, Wednesday, February 19" with specific hours.
  24. present: "today, Wednesday, February 19" with specific hours.
  25. present: 'today, Wednesday, February 19' plus specific hours.
• Impactabsent0/25

  Final assessment

  Absent, 0 of 25 read it as present. Reviewers agreed the notice conveys an operational change without describing any severity, danger or consequence of the weather.

  What the hazard could do to the people in its path. Beyond naming the threat, a complete warning conveys its potential consequences or severity, such as that a tornado can level buildings or that a leak could be explosive, so recipients grasp how much danger they are in. Research on warning message content finds that a concrete impact statement helps people personalize their risk and act sooner.

  See all 25 individual reads

  1. absent: No severity or potential harm from the weather is stated.
  2. absent: No description of danger or possible consequences of the weather.
  3. absent: No consequence or severity of the weather is described.
  4. absent: No consequence or severity of the weather is described.
  5. absent: No potential damage or danger is conveyed.
  6. absent: No harm or severity from the weather is conveyed.
  7. absent: No harm or severity described.
  8. absent: No severity or potential harm is stated.
  9. absent: No harm, danger or severity of the weather is conveyed.
  10. absent: No consequence of the weather is described beyond schedule changes.
  11. absent: No consequence or severity of the weather is described.
  12. absent: No consequence or severity of the weather is stated.
  13. absent: No consequence or severity of the weather is stated.
  14. absent: No consequence or danger level is conveyed.
  15. absent: No harm or severity is conveyed.
  16. absent: Nothing conveys potential harm or severity.
  17. absent: No consequence of the weather to people or property is described.
  18. absent: No harm, danger or severity is described.
  19. absent: No potential consequence or severity of the weather is described.
  20. absent: No harm, danger, or severity of the weather is stated.
  21. absent: No consequence or danger level is expressed.
  22. absent: No consequence or danger level is conveyed.
  23. absent: No consequence or danger level is described.
  24. absent: No harm or severity from the weather is described.
  25. absent: No harm or severity from the weather is described.