Threats targeting Haitian community members move all classes online for a week

To check this alert, Claude (an AI) read it in full 25 separate times, independently. Each read decided whether the message answers each of the six questions and gave a short reason. A final reviewer then weighed all 25 and wrote the plain-English verdict you see when you open a row. The score (for example 22/25) is how many reads agreed; the 25 individual reads are tucked underneath if you want to check them.

• Sourcepresent25/25

  Final assessment

  All 25 reads agree that a sender is identified: Names "Wittenberg University" as the issuing institution.

  Who is sending the alert and who is responding. People act faster on a message from a clearly identifiable, credible sender, such as a named department, the police, or a branded alert system, than on an anonymous notice. A branded signature counts.

  See all 25 individual reads

  1. present: Names "Wittenberg University" as the issuing institution.
  2. present: Identifies sender via institution naming itself, "Wittenberg University".
  3. present: Names "Wittenberg University", identifying the sender.
  4. present: Names "Wittenberg University" as the entity issuing the notice.
  5. present: Names "Wittenberg University" as the institution issuing the warning.
  6. present: "Wittenberg University" is named as the entity issuing the message.
  7. present: Names "Wittenberg University" as the entity issuing the alert.
  8. present: Names "Wittenberg University" issuing the notice, identifying the sender.
  9. present: Names "Wittenberg University" as the issuing institution.
  10. present: Names "Wittenberg University" as the issuing institution.
  11. present: Names the institution "Wittenberg University" as sender.
  12. present: Names "Wittenberg University" as the issuing party.
  13. present: Names "Wittenberg University" as the issuing institution.
  14. present: Identifies "Wittenberg University" as the sender.
  15. present: Names "Wittenberg University" as the source.
  16. present: Names "Wittenberg University" as the issuing institution.
  17. present: Identifies the sender as "Wittenberg University".
  18. present: Names "Wittenberg University" as the entity reporting the threat.
  19. present: Names "Wittenberg University" as the issuing party.
  20. present: Identifies "Wittenberg University" as the sender.
  21. present: Identifies the sender as "Wittenberg University".
  22. present: Names "Wittenberg University" as the issuer.
  23. present: The message names "Wittenberg University" as the sender.
  24. present: It names "Wittenberg University" as the issuer.
  25. present: Names "Wittenberg University" as the issuer of the precaution notice.
• Hazardpresent25/25

  Final assessment

  All 25 reads agree that a hazard is named: Names the specific hazard "a potential shooting on campus".

  What the threat actually is. A complete warning names the specific danger, such as a shooter, a fire, a tornado, or a gas leak, rather than a vague emergency, because people decide what to do based on what they are facing.

  See all 25 individual reads

  1. present: Names the specific hazard "a potential shooting on campus".
  2. present: Names the hazard, an email that "threatened a potential shooting on campus".
  3. present: It names "a potential shooting" threat via a threatening email, a specific hazard.
  4. present: It names "a potential shooting" threat from a threatening email.
  5. present: Names "an email that threatened a potential shooting", a specific threat.
  6. present: Names the threat: "an email that threatened a potential shooting on campus".
  7. present: Names "an email that threatened a potential shooting", a specific threat.
  8. present: Names "an email that threatened a potential shooting on campus", a specific threat.
  9. present: Names the specific hazard "a potential shooting on campus" from an emailed threat.
  10. present: Names the specific threat "a potential shooting on campus", from a threatening email.
  11. present: Names the threat "an email that threatened a potential shooting on campus".
  12. present: Names the threat as "an email that threatened a potential shooting".
  13. present: Names the specific hazard: an "email that threatened a potential shooting on campus".
  14. present: Names the hazard as an emailed threat of "a potential shooting on campus".
  15. present: Names the hazard as an emailed "threatened a potential shooting on campus".
  16. present: Names the threat: "an email that threatened a potential shooting on campus".
  17. present: Names the threat: "an email that threatened a potential shooting on campus".
  18. present: Names "an email that threatened a potential shooting", a specific threat.
  19. present: Names "an email that threatened a potential shooting", a specific threat.
  20. present: Names the threat, an emailed threat of "a potential shooting on campus".
  21. present: Names the hazard as "an email that threatened a potential shooting on campus".
  22. present: Names "a potential shooting on campus", a specific threat.
  23. present: It names a specific threat, "a potential shooting on campus".
  24. present: It names "an email that threatened a potential shooting", a specific threat.
  25. present: Names the threat, "an email that threatened a potential shooting on campus".
• Locationpresent25/25

  Final assessment

  All 25 reads agree that a location is given: States the location "on campus".

  Where the threat is. Saying whether danger is in a specific building, a part of campus, or area-wide lets people judge their own proximity and choose a safe direction. Without a where, a warning is hard to act on precisely.

  See all 25 individual reads

  1. present: States the location "on campus".
  2. present: States the location, "on campus".
  3. present: It says the threat was "on campus", a place reference.
  4. present: It specifies the threat is "on campus".
  5. present: Says the threatened shooting is "on campus", a location.
  6. present: Says the threat targets "on campus" at Wittenberg University.
  7. present: Says the threat is "on campus", a location.
  8. present: Says the threat was "on campus", a location.
  9. present: Specifies the location "on campus".
  10. present: States the threat is "on campus".
  11. present: Says the threat targets "on campus".
  12. present: Says the threat is "on campus".
  13. present: Says the threat is "on campus".
  14. present: Says the threat is "on campus", a location.
  15. present: Locates the threat "on campus".
  16. present: States location as "on campus".
  17. present: Says the threat is "on campus".
  18. present: States the threat is "on campus".
  19. present: Says the threat is "on campus", a location.
  20. present: Specifies the location "on campus".
  21. present: Locates the threat "on campus".
  22. present: Says "on campus", a specific place.
  23. present: It says the threat is "on campus", a location.
  24. present: It says the threatened shooting is "on campus", a specific place.
  25. present: States the location, "on campus".
• Guidanceabsent0/25

  Final assessment

  All 25 reads agree that no protective guidance is given: No protective action is directed to recipients; it only describes precautions being taken.

  The protective action to take. A clear, specific instruction, such as shelter in place, evacuate, avoid the area, or run-hide-fight, drives faster and more correct protective behavior than describing the threat alone.

  See all 25 individual reads

  1. absent: No protective action is directed to recipients; it only describes precautions being taken.
  2. absent: No protective action is directed to recipients; it only states precautions are being taken.
  3. absent: It states the university is taking precautions but gives recipients no protective instruction.
  4. absent: It only describes precautions the university is taking, with no protective instruction to recipients.
  5. absent: Says the university is "taking extreme precautions" but gives recipients no protective instruction.
  6. absent: No protective action instruction is given to recipients in the text.
  7. absent: Tells recipients no protective action; only states precautions are being taken by the school.
  8. absent: States the university is taking precautions but gives recipients no protective instruction.
  9. absent: Says the university is taking precautions but gives no protective action instruction to recipients.
  10. absent: The text describes university precautions but gives recipients no protective action to take.
  11. absent: Describes precautions being taken but gives recipients no protective instruction.
  12. absent: Says it is "taking extreme precautions" but gives no protective instruction to recipients.
  13. absent: States precautions are being taken but gives no protective action instruction to recipients.
  14. absent: Provides no protective action instruction to recipients; only describes precautions being taken.
  15. absent: No protective action instruction is given to recipients in the text.
  16. absent: Gives recipients no protective action; only states the university is taking precautions.
  17. absent: No protective action is instructed to recipients; it only states precautions are being taken.
  18. absent: No protective action is instructed to recipients, only describes precautions being taken.
  19. absent: States precautions are being taken but gives recipients no protective instruction to follow.
  20. absent: Describes university precautions but gives recipients no protective instruction.
  21. absent: No protective action is directed to recipients, it only states precautions are being taken.
  22. absent: States the university is taking precautions but gives no instruction to recipients.
  23. absent: It states precautions are being taken but gives recipients no protective action instruction.
  24. absent: It describes the university taking precautions but gives recipients no protective action instruction.
  25. absent: The text only says the university is taking precautions; it gives no protective action to recipients.
• Timepresent25/25

  Final assessment

  All 25 reads agree that timing is conveyed: Gives recency and date "currently" and "tomorrow, Sunday, September 15, 2024".

  When the message applies. A timestamp, the word now or immediately, or a phrase like until further notice tells the reader whether the danger is current and how quickly to act.

  See all 25 individual reads

  1. present: Gives recency and date "currently" and "tomorrow, Sunday, September 15, 2024".
  2. present: Gives a time, "tomorrow, Sunday, September 15, 2024".
  3. present: It says the threat is for "tomorrow, Sunday, September 15, 2024" and "currently", time references.
  4. present: It says the threat is for "tomorrow, Sunday, September 15, 2024", a date reference.
  5. present: Says "tomorrow, Sunday, September 15, 2024", and "currently", a date and recency cue.
  6. present: States "tomorrow, Sunday, September 15, 2024", a specific date.
  7. present: Specifies "tomorrow, Sunday, September 15, 2024", a date.
  8. present: Says the threatened shooting is for "tomorrow, Sunday, September 15, 2024", conveying when.
  9. present: Gives the date "tomorrow, Sunday, September 15, 2024" and "currently".
  10. present: Says "currently" and "tomorrow, Sunday, September 15, 2024", recency and date cues.
  11. present: Gives the date "tomorrow, Sunday, September 15, 2024".
  12. present: Says it is "currently" acting and the threat is for "tomorrow, Sunday, September 15, 2024".
  13. present: Gives the date "tomorrow, Sunday, September 15, 2024" and cue "currently".
  14. present: Gives a date, "tomorrow, Sunday, September 15, 2024".
  15. present: Says the threat is for "tomorrow, Sunday, September 15, 2024".
  16. present: Gives a date: "tomorrow, Sunday, September 15, 2024".
  17. present: Gives time "tomorrow, Sunday, September 15, 2024" and "currently".
  18. present: Gives "tomorrow, Sunday, September 15, 2024", a specific date.
  19. present: Says "tomorrow, Sunday, September 15, 2024" and "currently", giving date and recency.
  20. present: Conveys timing with "tomorrow, Sunday, September 15, 2024".
  21. present: Gives time with "currently" and "tomorrow, Sunday, September 15, 2024".
  22. present: Says "tomorrow, Sunday, September 15, 2024", a specific date.
  23. present: It says "currently" and "tomorrow, Sunday, September 15, 2024", conveying recency and a date.
  24. present: It says "currently" and "tomorrow, Sunday, September 15, 2024", recency and date references.
  25. present: Gives the date, "tomorrow, Sunday, September 15, 2024", conveying when the threatened event is.
• Impactpresent25/25

  Final assessment

  Yes; unanimous that the threats alert conveys a danger to people.

  What the hazard could do to the people in its path. Beyond naming the threat, a complete warning conveys its potential consequences or severity, such as that a tornado can level buildings or that a leak could be explosive, so recipients grasp how much danger they are in. Research on warning message content finds that a concrete impact statement helps people personalize their risk and act sooner.

  See all 25 individual reads

  1. present: Describes an email threatening a potential shooting targeting Haitian community members, an explicit stated threat of violent harm.
  2. present: It states an email threatened a potential shooting targeting Haitian community members, where a shooting threat conveys potential harm to people.
  3. present: An emailed threat of a potential shooting targeting Haitian community members conveys an explicit threat of violent harm.
  4. present: It reports an email threatening a potential shooting on campus targeting Haitian members, conveying an explicit threat of deadly violence.
  5. present: It describes a threatened potential shooting targeting Haitian community members, conveying a clear threat of violent harm.
  6. present: It states an email threatened a potential shooting targeting Haitian community members, conveying an explicit threat of violence.
  7. present: Describes precautions following an email that threatened a potential shooting targeting Haitian members, conveying a stated threat of harm.
  8. present: It states an email threatened a potential shooting on campus targeting Haitian members, an explicit stated threat of harm.
  9. present: References an email that threatened a potential shooting targeting Haitian community members, an explicit violent threat.
  10. present: It describes an email that threatened a potential shooting targeting Haitian community members, a clearly stated threat.
  11. present: It cites an email threatening a potential shooting targeting Haitian community members, conveying a clear threat of violence.
  12. present: Describes an emailed threat of a potential shooting targeting Haitian community members, an explicit threat of violence.
  13. present: Cites an email threatening a potential shooting targeting Haitian community members, an explicit statement of a violent threat.
  14. present: States an email threatened a potential shooting targeting Haitian community members, conveying a threat of harm to people.
  15. present: Describes an email threatening a potential shooting targeting Haitian community members, a clearly stated threat of violence.
  16. present: It states a threatened potential shooting targeting Haitian community members, conveying a clear threat of harm to people.
  17. present: It states an email threatened a potential shooting on campus targeting Haitian community members, conveying a threat of harm to people.
  18. present: Extreme precautions following an email threatening a potential shooting targeting community members conveys a stated danger of violence.
  19. present: States an email threatened a potential shooting targeting Haitian community members, conveying a clear threat of violence to people.
  20. present: It cites an email threatening a potential shooting targeting Haitian community members, prompting extreme precautions, conveying an explicit threat of violence.
  21. present: Describes an email threatening a potential shooting on campus targeting Haitian members, an explicit threat of violence.
  22. present: It states the university is taking extreme precautions after an email threatened a potential shooting targeting Haitian community members, conveying a violent threat.
  23. present: It cites an email threatening a potential shooting targeting Haitian community members, conveying a violent threat.
  24. present: This describes a threatened potential shooting targeting Haitian community members, conveying threatened deadly harm.
  25. present: Cites an email threatening a potential shooting targeting Haitian community members, an explicit threat of violence.