Earthquake Information

To check this alert, Claude Opus 5 (an AI) read it in full 25 separate times, independently. Each read decided whether the message answers each of the six questions and gave a short reason. A final reviewer then weighed all 25 and wrote the plain-English verdict you see when you open a row. The score (for example 22/25) is how many reads agreed; the 25 individual reads are tucked underneath if you want to check them.

• Sourcepresent25/25

  Final assessment

  Present, 25 of 25. The bulletin names "the Lehigh University Police Department (LUPD)/Campus Safety" and Facilities, with contact numbers, as the institutional voices behind it.

  Who is sending the alert and who is responding. People act faster on a message from a clearly identifiable, credible sender, such as a named department, the police, or a branded alert system, than on an anonymous notice. A branded signature counts.

  See all 25 individual reads

  1. present: "Lehigh University Police Department (LUPD)/Campus Safety" and Facilities are named.
  2. present: "the Lehigh University Police Department (LUPD)/Campus Safety" and "Facilities" identify the senders.
  3. present: "Lehigh University Police Department (LUPD)/Campus Safety" names the authority.
  4. present: Signed by Campus Safety, citing 'Lehigh University Police Department (LUPD)' and USGS.
  5. present: "Lehigh University Police Department (LUPD)/Campus Safety" is named.
  6. present: "Lehigh University Police Department (LUPD)/Campus Safety" and Facilities are named.
  7. present: The Lehigh University Police Department and Campus Safety are named as issuing offices.
  8. present: "Lehigh University Police Department (LUPD)/Campus Safety" and Facilities are named.
  9. present: "Lehigh University Police Department (LUPD)/Campus Safety" is named as contact and issuer.
  10. present: Cites Lehigh University Police Department and Campus Safety as issuers.
  11. present: "Lehigh University Police Department (LUPD)/Campus Safety" is named.
  12. present: "Lehigh University Police Department (LUPD)/Campus Safety" and Facilities are named.
  13. present: "the Lehigh University Police Department (LUPD)/Campus Safety" and Facilities are named.
  14. present: "Lehigh University Police Department (LUPD)/Campus Safety" and USGS are named.
  15. present: "Lehigh University Police Department (LUPD)/Campus Safety" and Facilities are named.
  16. present: "Lehigh University Police Department (LUPD)/Campus Safety" and Facilities are named.
  17. present: "Lehigh University Police Department (LUPD)/Campus Safety" and Facilities are named.
  18. present: "Lehigh University Police Department (LUPD)/Campus Safety" is named as authority.
  19. present: "Lehigh University Police Department (LUPD)/Campus Safety" appears as the contact and issuer.
  20. present: "Lehigh University Police Department (LUPD)/Campus Safety" and Facilities are named.
  21. present: 'Lehigh University Police Department (LUPD)/Campus Safety' and Facilities are named.
  22. present: "Lehigh University Police Department (LUPD)/Campus Safety" and Facilities are named.
  23. present: LUPD and Campus Safety are named as the institutional sources.
  24. present: "Lehigh University Police Department (LUPD)/Campus Safety" is named as the contact and issuer.
  25. present: "Lehigh University Police Department (LUPD)/Campus Safety" and Facilities are named.
• Hazardpresent25/25

  Final assessment

  Present, 25 of 25. "A magnitude 4.8 earthquake has been reported" names a specific hazard, with aftershocks flagged as a follow-on threat.

  What the threat actually is. A complete warning names the specific danger, such as a shooter, a fire, a tornado, or a gas leak, rather than a vague emergency, because people decide what to do based on what they are facing.

  See all 25 individual reads

  1. present: "A magnitude 4.8 earthquake" is a specific hazard.
  2. present: "A magnitude 4.8 earthquake" is a specific named hazard.
  3. present: "A magnitude 4.8 earthquake has been reported" names the hazard.
  4. present: 'A magnitude 4.8 earthquake' is explicitly named.
  5. present: "A magnitude 4.8 earthquake" is a specific hazard.
  6. present: "A magnitude 4.8 earthquake" is a specific hazard.
  7. present: "A magnitude 4.8 earthquake" names the hazard precisely.
  8. present: "A magnitude 4.8 earthquake" names the hazard precisely.
  9. present: "A magnitude 4.8 earthquake has been reported" names the hazard.
  10. present: A magnitude 4.8 earthquake is the named hazard.
  11. present: "A magnitude 4.8 earthquake has been reported" names the hazard.
  12. present: "A magnitude 4.8 earthquake has been reported" names the hazard.
  13. present: "A magnitude 4.8 earthquake" is a specific named hazard.
  14. present: "A magnitude 4.8 earthquake" is a specific named hazard.
  15. present: "A magnitude 4.8 earthquake has been reported" names the hazard.
  16. present: "A magnitude 4.8 earthquake" is the specific hazard.
  17. present: "A magnitude 4.8 earthquake" names the specific hazard.
  18. present: "A magnitude 4.8 earthquake" is the specific hazard.
  19. present: "A magnitude 4.8 earthquake" names the hazard precisely.
  20. present: "A magnitude 4.8 earthquake" names the hazard precisely.
  21. present: 'A magnitude 4.8 earthquake' names the hazard precisely.
  22. present: "A magnitude 4.8 earthquake" is a specific named hazard.
  23. present: "A magnitude 4.8 earthquake" names the hazard.
  24. present: "A magnitude 4.8 earthquake has been reported" names the hazard.
  25. present: "A magnitude 4.8 earthquake" is a specific hazard.
• Locationpresent25/25

  Final assessment

  Present, 25 of 25. The epicenter is placed near Whitehouse Station in Hunterdon County, New Jersey, and the effect as "buildings shaking on campus."

  Where the threat is. Saying whether danger is in a specific building, a part of campus, or area-wide lets people judge their own proximity and choose a safe direction. Without a where, a warning is hard to act on precisely.

  See all 25 individual reads

  1. present: Epicenter near Whitehouse Station plus "buildings shaking on campus" give place.
  2. present: "buildings shaking on campus" and the Whitehouse Station epicenter give location.
  3. present: "buildings shaking on campus" and the Whitehouse Station epicenter give place.
  4. present: Epicenter near Whitehouse Station plus shaking 'on campus'.
  5. present: "on campus" plus epicenter near Whitehouse Station, New Jersey.
  6. present: "buildings shaking on campus" and the Whitehouse Station epicenter give place.
  7. present: Buildings shaking "on campus" plus the Whitehouse Station epicenter.
  8. present: Epicenter near Whitehouse Station plus "shaking on campus."
  9. present: "buildings shaking on campus" and the Whitehouse Station epicenter give place.
  10. present: Campus buildings shaking plus epicenter near Whitehouse Station, New Jersey.
  11. present: "on campus" and the Whitehouse Station epicenter give locations.
  12. present: "epicenter near Whitehouse Station, New Jersey" plus shaking "on campus".
  13. present: Epicenter near Whitehouse Station plus "shaking on campus" give the where.
  14. present: "near Whitehouse Station, New Jersey" and "on campus" name places.
  15. present: Epicenter "near Whitehouse Station, New Jersey" and "buildings shaking on campus".
  16. present: Epicenter near Whitehouse Station, New Jersey, with shaking on campus.
  17. present: Whitehouse Station, Hunterdon County and "on campus" give locations.
  18. present: Epicenter near Whitehouse Station and shaking "on campus".
  19. present: "on campus" plus the epicenter near Whitehouse Station, New Jersey.
  20. present: "buildings shaking on campus" plus the Whitehouse Station epicenter.
  21. present: 'on campus' and the Whitehouse Station, New Jersey epicenter locate it.
  22. present: "buildings shaking on campus" and the Whitehouse Station epicenter give place.
  23. present: Campus and the Whitehouse Station epicenter are located.
  24. present: "buildings shaking on campus" and the Whitehouse Station epicenter give location.
  25. present: "buildings shaking on campus" and the New Jersey epicenter give place.
• Guidancepresent25/25

  Final assessment

  Present, 25 of 25. Readers are told to "exercise caution as you move across campus," report downed trees or power lines, avoid lighters or matches, and call LUPD or Facilities.

  The protective action to take. A clear, specific instruction, such as shelter in place, evacuate, avoid the area, or run-hide-fight, drives faster and more correct protective behavior than describing the threat alone.

  See all 25 individual reads

  1. present: "exercise caution as you move across campus and report any downed trees or power lines."
  2. present: "exercise caution as you move across campus" and "don't use lighters or matches" instruct readers.
  3. present: "exercise caution as you move across campus and report any downed trees" instructs recipients.
  4. present: 'exercise caution as you move across campus and report any downed trees or power lines'.
  5. present: "Please exercise caution as you move across campus and report any downed trees".
  6. present: "Please exercise caution as you move across campus and report any downed trees or power lines".
  7. present: "exercise caution as you move across campus" and "don't use lighters or matches".
  8. present: "Please exercise caution as you move across campus and report any downed trees or power lines."
  9. present: "Please exercise caution as you move across campus and report any downed trees".
  10. present: Exercise caution, report downed lines, avoid lighters and matches.
  11. present: "Please exercise caution as you move across campus and report any downed trees" instructs.
  12. present: "Please exercise caution as you move across campus and report any downed trees or power lines".
  13. present: "Please exercise caution as you move across campus and report any downed trees or power lines".
  14. present: "exercise caution as you move across campus and report any downed trees".
  15. present: "Please exercise caution as you move across campus and report any downed trees".
  16. present: "Please exercise caution as you move across campus and report any downed trees or power lines."
  17. present: "exercise caution as you move across campus", report damage, and "don't use lighters or matches" instruct recipients.
  18. present: "exercise caution as you move across campus and report any downed trees or power lines".
  19. present: "Please exercise caution as you move across campus" and report downed lines are instructions.
  20. present: "exercise caution as you move across campus and report any downed trees or power lines".
  21. present: 'exercise caution as you move across campus and report any downed trees or power lines' directs recipients.
  22. present: "exercise caution as you move across campus and report any downed trees or power lines".
  23. present: "exercise caution as you move across campus and report any downed trees".
  24. present: "Please exercise caution", "report any downed trees", "don't use lighters or matches".
  25. present: "exercise caution as you move across campus" and report downed lines are instructions.
• Timeabsent3/25

  Final assessment

  Absent by majority, 3 of 25 read it as present. No clock time or date anchors the quake; the dissent leaned on "has been reported" and "In the meantime" as markers of a just-occurred, ongoing event.

  When the message applies. A timestamp, the word now or immediately, or a phrase like until further notice tells the reader whether the danger is current and how quickly to act.

  See all 25 individual reads

  1. absent: No clock time, date or recency word anchors the event.
  2. absent: No clock time or date is given for the quake or its effects.
  3. absent: No clock time, date or explicit recency phrase is given.
  4. present: 'has been reported' and 'In the meantime' convey a just-occurred, current event.
  5. absent: No clock time, date or recency word is supplied.
  6. absent: No clock time, date or recency term is given for the quake.
  7. absent: No clock time or date; only that it "has been reported", which is not an explicit recency marker.
  8. absent: No clock time, date or recency phrase accompanies the report.
  9. absent: No clock time, date or explicit recency phrase accompanies the report.
  10. absent: No clock time, date, or word like now anchors the event.
  11. absent: No clock time, date or recency word accompanies the report.
  12. present: "In the meantime" and "as it becomes available" frame an ongoing present situation.
  13. absent: No clock time or date is given for the quake or the bulletin.
  14. present: "has been reported" and "Expect potential aftershocks" convey present and near-future timing.
  15. absent: No clock time, date or explicit recency phrase accompanies the report.
  16. absent: No clock time or date of the quake is given, only "has been reported".
  17. absent: No clock time or date of the quake is given, only vague follow-up language.
  18. absent: No clock time, date, or explicit recency word such as now appears.
  19. absent: No clock time, date or recency word accompanies the report.
  20. absent: No clock time, date or recency term is given for the quake.
  21. absent: No clock time, date or recency term accompanies the report.
  22. absent: No clock time, date or recency phrase marks when the quake struck.
  23. absent: No clock time, date or recency wording is present.
  24. absent: No clock time, date or explicit recency word is stated.
  25. absent: No clock time, date, or recency word accompanies the report.
• Impactpresent25/25

  Final assessment

  Present, 25 of 25. The message states consequences plainly: "Aftershocks can cause building damage and falling debris," and earthquakes "can damage gas lines."

  What the hazard could do to the people in its path. Beyond naming the threat, a complete warning conveys its potential consequences or severity, such as that a tornado can level buildings or that a leak could be explosive, so recipients grasp how much danger they are in. Research on warning message content finds that a concrete impact statement helps people personalize their risk and act sooner.

  See all 25 individual reads

  1. present: "Aftershocks can cause building damage and falling debris" states potential harm.
  2. present: "Aftershocks can cause building damage and falling debris" and gas line damage state consequences.
  3. present: "Aftershocks can cause building damage and falling debris" states potential harm.
  4. present: 'Aftershocks can cause building damage and falling debris' and gas line damage state consequences.
  5. present: "Aftershocks can cause building damage and falling debris" states consequences.
  6. present: "Aftershocks can cause building damage and falling debris" states potential harm.
  7. present: "Aftershocks can cause building damage and falling debris" plus damaged gas lines.
  8. present: "Aftershocks can cause building damage and falling debris" plus gas line damage risk.
  9. present: "Aftershocks can cause building damage and falling debris" and gas line damage state consequences.
  10. present: Aftershocks can cause building damage, falling debris, and damaged gas lines.
  11. present: "Aftershocks can cause building damage and falling debris" states possible harm.
  12. present: "Aftershocks can cause building damage and falling debris" states potential consequences.
  13. present: "Aftershocks can cause building damage and falling debris" and gas line damage state consequences.
  14. present: "Aftershocks can cause building damage and falling debris" states potential consequences.
  15. present: "Aftershocks can cause building damage and falling debris" states potential harm.
  16. present: "Aftershocks can cause building damage and falling debris" states potential harm.
  17. present: "Aftershocks can cause building damage and falling debris" and gas line damage state consequences.
  18. present: "Aftershocks can cause building damage and falling debris" states consequences.
  19. present: "Aftershocks can cause building damage and falling debris" states potential harm.
  20. present: "Aftershocks can cause building damage and falling debris" states potential harm.
  21. present: 'Aftershocks can cause building damage and falling debris' states potential consequences.
  22. present: "Aftershocks can cause building damage and falling debris" states possible harm.
  23. present: "Aftershocks can cause building damage and falling debris" states possible harm.
  24. present: "Aftershocks can cause building damage and falling debris" states potential harm.
  25. present: "Aftershocks can cause building damage and falling debris" states potential harm.