Winter weather closes campus Monday; essential personnel only

To check this alert, Claude Opus 5 (an AI) read it in full 25 separate times, independently. Each read decided whether the message answers each of the six questions and gave a short reason. A final reviewer then weighed all 25 and wrote the plain-English verdict you see when you open a row. The score (for example 22/25) is how many reads agreed; the 25 individual reads are tucked underneath if you want to check them.

• Sourcepresent25/25

  Final assessment

  Present, 25 of 25. The "MUAlert:" tag and the words "Marshall University" together identify both the alerting system and the institution behind it.

  Who is sending the alert and who is responding. People act faster on a message from a clearly identifiable, credible sender, such as a named department, the police, or a branded alert system, than on an anonymous notice. A branded signature counts.

  See all 25 individual reads

  1. present: "MUAlert" is a branded signature and Marshall University is named.
  2. present: "MUAlert" is a branded tag and Marshall University is named.
  3. present: "MUAlert" is a branded signature and Marshall University is named.
  4. present: "MUAlert" is the branded sender tag and Marshall University is named.
  5. present: "MUAlert" is a branded tag and "Marshall University" names the institution.
  6. present: The "MUAlert" tag and "Marshall University" identify the sender.
  7. present: "MUAlert" is a branded signature, and Marshall University is named.
  8. present: "MUAlert" is a branded signature and "Marshall University" names the institution.
  9. present: "MUAlert" plus "Marshall University" clearly identify the sender.
  10. present: "MUAlert" is a branded signature and "Marshall University" names the institution.
  11. present: "MUAlert" is a branded tag and "Marshall University" names the institution.
  12. present: "MUAlert" is a branded sender tag and "Marshall University" names the institution.
  13. present: "MUAlert" is a branded signature and Marshall University is named.
  14. present: "MUAlert" is a branded sender tag opening the message.
  15. present: The prefix "MUAlert" and "Marshall University" identify the sender.
  16. present: "MUAlert" is a branded signature and Marshall University is named.
  17. present: "MUAlert" and "Marshall University" identify the source.
  18. present: "MUAlert" plus "Marshall University" identify the sender clearly.
  19. present: "MUAlert" is a branded signature and Marshall University is named.
  20. present: "MUAlert:" is the branded sender tag for the university's notification system.
  21. present: "MUAlert:" and "Marshall University" both identify the sender.
  22. present: "MUAlert" is a branded signature and Marshall University is named outright.
  23. present: "MUAlert" is a branded signature and "Marshall University" names the institution.
  24. present: The tag "MUAlert:" and the university name identify the sender.
  25. present: The "MUAlert" signature and the university name identify the sender.
• Hazardabsent0/25

  Final assessment

  Absent, 0 of 25. The closure is announced with no cause at all: the text names no weather, threat or condition, only that the university "will be closed".

  What the threat actually is. A complete warning names the specific danger, such as a shooter, a fire, a tornado, or a gas leak, rather than a vague emergency, because people decide what to do based on what they are facing.

  See all 25 individual reads

  1. absent: No reason or threat is given, only that the university will be closed.
  2. absent: The closure is announced with no cause or threat identified.
  3. absent: No cause or threat is stated; the message only announces a closure.
  4. absent: No hazard or reason for the closure is stated in the message.
  5. absent: The closure is announced with no hazard or cause stated at all.
  6. absent: No hazard appears in the text; only a closure is announced.
  7. absent: No threat is named anywhere; only the closure is announced.
  8. absent: The closure is announced with no hazard or cause named at all.
  9. absent: The closure is announced with no reason or hazard named.
  10. absent: No threat is named; the message gives only closure and staffing information.
  11. absent: No cause or threat is named anywhere in the closure notice.
  12. absent: The closure is announced with no cause or threat identified.
  13. absent: No threat is named anywhere; the notice states only that the campus is closed.
  14. absent: A closure is announced with no reason or threat named.
  15. absent: No hazard is named; only the closure itself is announced.
  16. absent: No cause or threat is named at all, only that the university will be closed.
  17. absent: The closure is announced with no hazard named at all.
  18. absent: The closure has no stated cause, so no hazard is named.
  19. absent: No cause or threat is named, only that the university is closed.
  20. absent: No threat is named at all; only the closure and staffing rule are given.
  21. absent: The message gives no reason or threat, only that the university is closed.
  22. absent: No reason or threat is given for the closure anywhere in the text.
  23. absent: No reason or threat is stated; the message announces only a closure.
  24. absent: No reason or threat is named anywhere in the closure notice.
  25. absent: No cause or threat is named; only that the university will be closed.
• Locationpresent20/25

  Final assessment

  Present, 20 of 25. Marshall University and "All offices" are the places stated to be closed; five reads objected that no campus, building or area is named.

  Where the threat is. Saying whether danger is in a specific building, a part of campus, or area-wide lets people judge their own proximity and choose a safe direction. Without a where, a warning is hard to act on precisely.

  See all 25 individual reads

  1. present: Marshall University is the location identified as closed.
  2. absent: No campus, building, or geographic area is named.
  3. present: Marshall University and its offices are the identified place.
  4. present: Marshall University is the named location that will be closed.
  5. present: Marshall University and its offices are the identified closed locations.
  6. present: Marshall University is the named place being closed.
  7. present: Marshall University and its offices are the identified location.
  8. present: "Marshall University" and "All offices" identify the closed location.
  9. present: The closure covers "Marshall University", a named institution and place.
  10. absent: Offices are mentioned but no campus, building or area location is given.
  11. present: Marshall University and its offices are the named places closing.
  12. present: Marshall University and its offices are the named affected place.
  13. absent: No building, area or campus location is specified.
  14. absent: The university is named but no place, building or campus is identified.
  15. present: Marshall University and its offices are the identified location.
  16. present: Marshall University and its offices are the identified closed location.
  17. absent: No campus area, building or location is given.
  18. present: Marshall University is the identified location being closed.
  19. present: Marshall University and its offices are the identified place.
  20. present: "Marshall University" is identified as the closed place.
  21. present: "Marshall University" is the place the closure covers.
  22. present: The affected place is named as Marshall University and its offices.
  23. present: The closure covers the named Marshall University and all its offices.
  24. present: Marshall University and "All offices" locate the closure.
  25. present: The closed place is the named Marshall University.
• Guidancepresent20/25

  Final assessment

  Present by 20 of 25. "Only essential personnel should report" tells everyone else to stay away, an action instruction; five reads called it a staffing rule rather than protective guidance.

  The protective action to take. A clear, specific instruction, such as shelter in place, evacuate, avoid the area, or run-hide-fight, drives faster and more correct protective behavior than describing the threat alone.

  See all 25 individual reads

  1. present: "Only essential personnel should report" is a direct instruction about staying away.
  2. present: "Only essential personnel should report" directs everyone else to stay away.
  3. present: "Only essential personnel should report" is a direct instruction to recipients.
  4. present: "Only essential personnel should report" is a direct instruction to recipients.
  5. present: It directs a group of recipients: "Only essential personnel should report".
  6. absent: "Only essential personnel should report" is a staffing rule, not a protective action.
  7. present: "Only essential personnel should report" instructs everyone else to stay away.
  8. absent: "Only essential personnel should report" is a staffing rule, not a protective action.
  9. present: "Only essential personnel should report" directs recipients to stay away unless essential.
  10. absent: "Only essential personnel should report" is a staffing rule, not a protective action.
  11. present: "Only essential personnel should report" tells recipients whether to come in or stay away.
  12. present: It instructs that "Only essential personnel should report", a directive to recipients.
  13. present: "Only essential personnel should report" instructs everyone else to stay away.
  14. present: "Only essential personnel should report" is a direct instruction to recipients.
  15. present: It instructs that "Only essential personnel should report", telling others to stay away.
  16. present: "Only essential personnel should report" instructs everyone else to stay away.
  17. present: "Only essential personnel should report" is a direct instruction to recipients.
  18. present: "Only essential personnel should report" is a direct instruction to recipients.
  19. present: "Only essential personnel should report" instructs everyone else to stay away.
  20. present: "Only essential personnel should report" instructs everyone else to stay away.
  21. present: It instructs staff that "Only essential personnel should report".
  22. present: It gives a direct instruction: "Only essential personnel should report", which keeps others away.
  23. present: "Only essential personnel should report" instructs everyone else to stay away.
  24. absent: "Only essential personnel should report" is a staffing rule, not a protective action.
  25. absent: Telling essential personnel to report is a staffing directive, not protective action for recipients.
• Timepresent25/25

  Final assessment

  Present, 25 of 25. The closure is dated "Monday, January 6", giving a specific day for the reads to agree on.

  When the message applies. A timestamp, the word now or immediately, or a phrase like until further notice tells the reader whether the danger is current and how quickly to act.

  See all 25 individual reads

  1. present: The closure is dated "Monday, January 6".
  2. present: It names "Monday, January 6" as the closure day.
  3. present: The closure is dated "Monday, January 6".
  4. present: The closure day, "Monday, January 6", is specified.
  5. present: The closure is tied to "Monday, January 6".
  6. present: The closure is dated "Monday, January 6".
  7. present: "Monday, January 6" states the day of closure.
  8. present: "Monday, January 6" gives the date of closure.
  9. present: It dates the closure to "Monday, January 6".
  10. present: "Monday, January 6" is an explicit date for the closure.
  11. present: "Monday, January 6" is an explicit date.
  12. present: The closure day is given as "Monday, January 6".
  13. present: "Monday, January 6" is the stated date of closure.
  14. present: It dates the closure to "Monday, January 6".
  15. present: The closure day is "Monday, January 6".
  16. present: The closure day is given as "Monday, January 6".
  17. present: The closure is set for "Monday, January 6".
  18. present: The day is specified: "Monday, January 6".
  19. present: The closure day is given as "Monday, January 6".
  20. present: "Monday, January 6" gives the date of closure.
  21. present: The closure is dated "Monday, January 6".
  22. present: The closure day is stated: "Monday, January 6".
  23. present: "Monday, January 6" is an explicit date.
  24. present: The date "Monday, January 6" is stated.
  25. present: The closure day is given as "Monday, January 6".
• Impactabsent0/25

  Final assessment

  Absent, 0 of 25. No danger, damage or level of seriousness appears anywhere; the message conveys only closure and reporting rules.

  What the hazard could do to the people in its path. Beyond naming the threat, a complete warning conveys its potential consequences or severity, such as that a tornado can level buildings or that a leak could be explosive, so recipients grasp how much danger they are in. Research on warning message content finds that a concrete impact statement helps people personalize their risk and act sooner.

  See all 25 individual reads

  1. absent: No consequence or danger is described in the message.
  2. absent: Nothing about danger, damage, or severity appears.
  3. absent: Nothing states any danger or potential consequence.
  4. absent: Nothing conveys danger or how serious the underlying conditions are.
  5. absent: Nothing about harm, danger or severity is conveyed.
  6. absent: Nothing about consequences or severity is present.
  7. absent: No consequence, danger, or severity is described.
  8. absent: No risk, harm, or severity is mentioned in the message.
  9. absent: No danger or consequence is conveyed anywhere in the text.
  10. absent: Nothing conveys severity or possible consequences.
  11. absent: No danger or severity is expressed.
  12. absent: No consequence or degree of danger appears in the text.
  13. absent: No danger or severity is conveyed in the message.
  14. absent: Nothing conveys consequence or severity.
  15. absent: Nothing indicates what danger exists or how serious it is.
  16. absent: No danger, damage, or severity information appears.
  17. absent: No danger or consequence is described.
  18. absent: No danger or consequence is described in the message.
  19. absent: Nothing conveys risk, harm, or severity.
  20. absent: Nothing conveys danger or how serious the underlying conditions are.
  21. absent: No hazard consequence or severity appears in the text.
  22. absent: No severity, danger, or potential harm is described.
  23. absent: No hazard consequence or severity is expressed.
  24. absent: Nothing conveys harm, risk or severity.
  25. absent: Nothing conveys risk, harm or severity of any kind.