Winter weather closes campus Tuesday; essential personnel only

To check this alert, Claude Opus 5 (an AI) read it in full 25 separate times, independently. Each read decided whether the message answers each of the six questions and gave a short reason. A final reviewer then weighed all 25 and wrote the plain-English verdict you see when you open a row. The score (for example 22/25) is how many reads agreed; the 25 individual reads are tucked underneath if you want to check them.

• Sourcepresent25/25

  Final assessment

  Present, 25 of 25. The notice carries the "MUAlert:" signature and names "Marshall University", so the sender is doubly identified.

  Who is sending the alert and who is responding. People act faster on a message from a clearly identifiable, credible sender, such as a named department, the police, or a branded alert system, than on an anonymous notice. A branded signature counts.

  See all 25 individual reads

  1. present: The message carries the "MUAlert" tag and names Marshall University.
  2. present: The "MUAlert" signature and the university's name identify the sender.
  3. present: The branded tag "MUAlert" plus the named university identifies the sender.
  4. present: The message carries the "MUAlert" signature and names Marshall University.
  5. present: The "MUAlert" signature together with the university name identifies the sender.
  6. present: "MUAlert" plus the university name show who sent the message.
  7. present: The "MUAlert" tag and the university name together identify the sender.
  8. present: The "MUAlert" tag and the university name identify who is sending the closure notice.
  9. present: The branded "MUAlert" tag and the university name identify the source.
  10. present: The "MUAlert" tag together with "Marshall University" identifies who is sending.
  11. present: The "MUAlert" signature and the university name identify the source.
  12. present: The "MUAlert" signature plus the university name identifies the sender.
  13. present: The "MUAlert" tag plus the university name identify the sender.
  14. present: The message is signed "MUAlert", identifying the alert system.
  15. present: "MUAlert" is a branded signature naming Marshall University as sender.
  16. present: The "MUAlert" tag and the university name identify the sender.
  17. present: The branded "MUAlert" tag plus the university name identify the sender.
  18. present: The branded "MUAlert" tag and the university name identify the source.
  19. present: The "MUAlert" tag and the university name identify the sender.
  20. present: The "MUAlert:" prefix identifies the university alert system as sender.
  21. present: The branded prefix "MUAlert:" names the university system sending it.
  22. present: The "MUAlert" tag and the university's name identify the sender of the notice.
  23. present: The "MUAlert" tag and the university's name identify who is sending the notice.
  24. present: "MUAlert:" is a branded sender signature naming Marshall University.
  25. present: "MUAlert" plus the university name identify the issuing system.
• Hazardabsent0/25

  Final assessment

  Absent, 0 of 25. The Tuesday closure is stated with no hazard behind it: no weather or other threat is named anywhere in the message.

  What the threat actually is. A complete warning names the specific danger, such as a shooter, a fire, a tornado, or a gas leak, rather than a vague emergency, because people decide what to do based on what they are facing.

  See all 25 individual reads

  1. absent: It states a closure but never identifies what hazard caused it.
  2. absent: No hazard is given for the Tuesday closure.
  3. absent: The notice names no threat at all behind the closure.
  4. absent: The text gives no threat, only that the university will be closed.
  5. absent: No threat or condition is named as the reason for the closure.
  6. absent: The text names no threat at all, merely a closed campus.
  7. absent: The closure is announced without naming any hazard behind it.
  8. absent: Nothing in the text names a threat or even a cause for the closure.
  9. absent: No threat is named; only the fact of closure is given.
  10. absent: The notice names no hazard behind the closure.
  11. absent: The message gives no reason and names no hazard.
  12. absent: No threat is named; the message states only that the university is closed.
  13. absent: The closure is announced with no hazard stated as its cause.
  14. absent: No hazard or cause is mentioned, only that the university is closed.
  15. absent: The text names no threat, giving only a closure announcement.
  16. absent: The message gives no hazard or reason for the closure.
  17. absent: Nothing names a threat behind the closure.
  18. absent: Nothing in the text names a threat behind the closure.
  19. absent: The message omits any reason or threat behind the closure.
  20. absent: The message names no hazard, only that the university will be closed.
  21. absent: No threat is identified; the closure is stated without a cause.
  22. absent: The message never says what caused the closure, so no hazard is named.
  23. absent: The text names no hazard, offering no reason for the closure.
  24. absent: The message names no hazard at all behind the closure.
  25. absent: The message states a closure without naming any threat behind it.
• Locationpresent20/25

  Final assessment

  Present, 20 of 25. The affected place is given as Marshall University and "All offices"; five reads held that an institution name alone supplies no place.

  Where the threat is. Saying whether danger is in a specific building, a part of campus, or area-wide lets people judge their own proximity and choose a safe direction. Without a where, a warning is hard to act on precisely.

  See all 25 individual reads

  1. present: The closed place is identified as Marshall University and all its offices.
  2. absent: Offices are mentioned generally, with no place or campus specified.
  3. present: The affected place is Marshall University and its offices.
  4. present: Marshall University and its offices are the identified places.
  5. present: The university and all its offices are named as the closed places.
  6. present: Marshall University is identified as the location affected.
  7. present: The place affected is Marshall University, including all offices.
  8. present: Marshall University and its offices are the named locations affected.
  9. present: It names Marshall University and its offices as the affected place.
  10. absent: No place beyond the institution and its offices is identified.
  11. present: Marshall University is identified as the place that will be closed.
  12. present: The closure applies to Marshall University and all of its offices.
  13. absent: The notice gives no place beyond the institution's name.
  14. absent: No location beyond the institution's name is given.
  15. present: It identifies the university and all its offices as closed.
  16. present: The closed place is stated as Marshall University and all its offices.
  17. absent: The message specifies no place beyond the institution.
  18. present: The university is named as the closed place.
  19. present: The university and its offices are named as closed.
  20. present: The closure is located at Marshall University and its offices.
  21. present: The closure applies to "Marshall University", a named place.
  22. present: Marshall University and its offices are the identified affected location.
  23. present: Marshall University and its offices are the named place affected.
  24. present: The closure is located at Marshall University and its offices.
  25. present: Marshall University is identified as the location that is closed.
• Guidancepresent20/25

  Final assessment

  Present by 20 of 25. "Only essential personnel should report" effectively instructs everyone else not to come in; five reads treated it as a work directive rather than safety guidance.

  The protective action to take. A clear, specific instruction, such as shelter in place, evacuate, avoid the area, or run-hide-fight, drives faster and more correct protective behavior than describing the threat alone.

  See all 25 individual reads

  1. present: Telling everyone but essential personnel not to report is an action instruction.
  2. present: Recipients other than essential staff are effectively told not to come in.
  3. present: It instructs that "Only essential personnel should report", an action directed at readers.
  4. present: It instructs that only essential personnel should report to work.
  5. present: Recipients are told that "Only essential personnel should report", a direct instruction.
  6. absent: The essential-personnel line concerns staffing, not recipient safety behavior.
  7. present: Telling recipients that only essential personnel should report directs others not to come in.
  8. absent: Reporting rules for essential personnel do not amount to protective guidance.
  9. present: Recipients other than essential personnel are effectively told not to report.
  10. absent: Telling essential personnel to report is a work directive, not protective guidance.
  11. present: "Only essential personnel should report" is a directive about whether recipients travel in.
  12. present: Recipients are told that only essential personnel should report to work.
  13. present: Telling recipients that only essential personnel should report directs others not to come in.
  14. present: It instructs that "Only essential personnel should report".
  15. present: The directive "Only essential personnel should report" tells most recipients not to come in.
  16. present: It directs that only essential personnel should report, an instruction to recipients.
  17. present: It tells recipients that only essential personnel should report to work.
  18. present: It instructs that "Only essential personnel should report".
  19. present: Recipients are told that only essential personnel should report, keeping others away.
  20. present: Directing that "Only essential personnel should report" tells other recipients not to come in.
  21. present: Recipients are told "Only essential personnel should report".
  22. present: Staff are instructed that "Only essential personnel should report", directing everyone else to stay away.
  23. present: Recipients are directed that only essential personnel should come in, an action instruction.
  24. absent: The only directive concerns essential personnel reporting, which is not protective guidance.
  25. absent: The only directive concerns essential staff reporting, not protection of recipients.
• Timepresent25/25

  Final assessment

  Present, 25 of 25. "Tuesday, January 7" dates the closure precisely, and no read disputed that timing is present.

  When the message applies. A timestamp, the word now or immediately, or a phrase like until further notice tells the reader whether the danger is current and how quickly to act.

  See all 25 individual reads

  1. present: "Tuesday, January 7" dates the closure precisely.
  2. present: "Tuesday, January 7" dates the closure.
  3. present: It fixes the closure to "Tuesday, January 7".
  4. present: "Tuesday, January 7" sets the date of the closure.
  5. present: "Tuesday, January 7" gives the day the closure applies.
  6. present: It specifies "Tuesday, January 7".
  7. present: "Tuesday, January 7" gives the date.
  8. present: The closure is dated to "Tuesday, January 7".
  9. present: The date "Tuesday, January 7" is specified.
  10. present: "Tuesday, January 7" fixes the date of the closure.
  11. present: "Tuesday, January 7" fixes the day.
  12. present: It names "Tuesday, January 7" as the date affected.
  13. present: "Tuesday, January 7" dates the closure.
  14. present: The closure date is stated as "Tuesday, January 7".
  15. present: It specifies "Tuesday, January 7".
  16. present: "Tuesday, January 7" fixes the date of the closure.
  17. present: It dates the closure "Tuesday, January 7".
  18. present: "Tuesday, January 7" pins the date.
  19. present: It specifies "Tuesday, January 7" as the closure date.
  20. present: "Tuesday, January 7" states when the closure applies.
  21. present: It names the day: "Tuesday, January 7".
  22. present: It specifies "Tuesday, January 7" as the closure date.
  23. present: "Tuesday, January 7" dates the closure precisely.
  24. present: It names the day, "Tuesday, January 7".
  25. present: It specifies "Tuesday, January 7" as the closure date.
• Impactabsent0/25

  Final assessment

  Absent, 0 of 25. Nothing conveys severity or possible harm; the text is limited to closure status and who should report.

  What the hazard could do to the people in its path. Beyond naming the threat, a complete warning conveys its potential consequences or severity, such as that a tornado can level buildings or that a leak could be explosive, so recipients grasp how much danger they are in. Research on warning message content finds that a concrete impact statement helps people personalize their risk and act sooner.

  See all 25 individual reads

  1. absent: Nothing in the text conveys severity or possible harm.
  2. absent: No consequence or degree of danger is expressed.
  3. absent: No severity or harm is expressed in the message.
  4. absent: No consequences or severity are described at all.
  5. absent: No potential consequence or severity statement appears.
  6. absent: No potential harm or severity is conveyed.
  7. absent: Nothing in the message conveys potential harm or severity.
  8. absent: The message conveys no consequence or degree of danger.
  9. absent: Nothing states any potential harm or severity.
  10. absent: No harm or degree of danger is described.
  11. absent: Nothing about consequences or seriousness appears.
  12. absent: Nothing conveys harm, damage, or seriousness.
  13. absent: Nothing describes harm or how serious conditions are.
  14. absent: No harm or severity is described.
  15. absent: No consequence or severity statement is present.
  16. absent: Nothing conveys consequences or how serious the underlying situation is.
  17. absent: It conveys no severity or potential harm.
  18. absent: The text conveys no severity or potential harm.
  19. absent: No consequence or severity information is offered.
  20. absent: No severity or consequence is described in the text.
  21. absent: Nothing describes danger, damage or severity.
  22. absent: Nothing conveys risk, damage, or how serious the situation is.
  23. absent: Nothing conveys risk, harm, or severity.
  24. absent: No danger or consequence is described.
  25. absent: No consequence or level of danger is described.